Description
Protocol
Available protocols: ELISA+
Specificity / Sensitivity
The FastScan™ Total S100A9 ELISA Kit detects endogenous levels of S100A9, as shown in Figure 1. This kit detects proteins from the indicated species, as determined through in-house testing, but may also detect homologous proteins from other species.
Species Reactivity: Human
Background
S100A8 and S100A9 are calcium-binding proteins that form a noncovalent heterodimer present in monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and some epithelial cells (1,2). S100A8 and S100A9 are secreted by a tubulin-dependent mechanism during inflammatory conditions and have antimicrobial and chemotactic functions (3-5). Extracellular S100A8/S100A9 also induces an inflammatory response in endothelial cells, including induction of proinflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules and increased vascular permeability (6). S100A8/S100A9 induces and recruits myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in tumor-bearing mice (7). MDSC produce additional S100A8/S100A9 themselves, resulting in a positive feedback mechanism that sustains MDSC accumulation (7). S100A8/S100A9 is also highly expressed in psoriatic skin, where it directly upregulates transcription of complement protein C3, which contributes to disease (8). In addition, tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells induce expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells, which increases invasiveness and metastasis (9).
Alternate Names
60B8AG; CAGB; calgranulin B; Calgranulin-B; Calprotectin L1H subunit; CFAG; CGLB; L1AG; Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain; LIAG; MAC387; MIF; Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14; MRP-14; MRP14; NIF; p14; Protein S100-A9; S100 calcium binding protein A9; S100 calcium-binding protein A9; S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (calgranulin B); S100A9; S10A9
