Description
Product Usage Information
This product is the carrier free version of product #5832. All data were generated using the same antibody clone in the standard formulation which contains BSA and glycerol. This formulation is ideal for use with technologies requiring specialized or custom antibody labeling, including fluorophores, metals, lanthanides, and oligonucleotides. It is not recommended for ChIP, ChIP-seq, CUT&RUN or CUT&Tag assays. If you require a carrier free formulation for chromatin profiling, please contact us . Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. BSA and Azide Free antibodies are quality control tested by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine antibody integrity.
Formulation
Supplied in 1X PBS (10 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 3 mM KCl, 2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl (pH 7.8)). BSA and Azide Free. For standard formulation of this product see product # 5832 .
Storage
Store at -20°C. This product will freeze at -20°C so it is recommended to aliquot into single-use vials to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. A slight precipitate may be present and can be dissolved by gently vortexing. This will not interfere with antibody performance.
Specificity / Sensitivity
AMPK alpha (D63G4) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (BSA and Azide Free) detects endogenous levels of total AMPKα1 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with AMPKα2.
Species Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Monkey, Bovine
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Lys40 of human AMPKα.
Background
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly conserved from yeast to plants and animals and plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis (1). AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits, each of which is encoded by two or three distinct genes (α1, 2; β1, 2; γ1, 2, 3) (2). The kinase is activated by an elevated AMP/ATP ratio due to cellular and environmental stress, such as heat shock, hypoxia, and ischemia (1). The tumor suppressor LKB1, in association with accessory proteins STRAD and MO25, phosphorylates AMPKα at Thr172 in the activation loop, and this phosphorylation is required for AMPK activation (3-5). AMPKα is also phosphorylated at Thr258 and Ser485 (for α1; Ser491 for α2). The upstream kinase and the biological significance of these phosphorylation events have yet to be elucidated (6). The β1 subunit is post-translationally modified by myristoylation and multi-site phosphorylation including Ser24/25, Ser96, Ser101, Ser108, and Ser182 (6,7). Phosphorylation at Ser108 of the β1 subunit seems to be required for AMPK activation, while phosphorylation at Ser24/25 and Ser182 affects AMPK localization (7). Several mutations in AMPKγ subunits have been identified, most of which are located in the putative AMP/ATP binding sites (CBS or Bateman domains). Mutations at these sites lead to reduction of AMPK activity and cause glycogen accumulation in heart or skeletal muscle (1,2). Accumulating evidence indicates that AMPK not only regulates the metabolism of fatty acids and glycogen, but also modulates protein synthesis and cell growth through EF2 and TSC2/mTOR pathways, as well as blood flow via eNOS/nNOS (1).
Alternate Names
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha-1 chain; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic alpha-2 chain; AAPK1; AAPK2; ACACA kinase; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase; AMP -activate kinase alpha 1 subunit; AMP-activated protein kinase; AMP-activated protein kinase alpha-2 subunit variant 2; AMP-activated protein kinase alpha-2 subunit variant 3; AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic, alpha-1; AMPK; AMPK alpha 1; AMPK alpha 2; AMPK subunit alpha-1; AMPK subunit alpha-2; AMPK-alpha-2 chain; AMPK1; AMPK2; AMPKa1; AMPKA2; HMGCR kinase; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase; MGC33776; MGC57364; PRKAA; PRKAA1; PRKAA2; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1; protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit; Tau-protein kinase PRKAA1
