Answer:EDC and NHS activate carboxyl groups for covalent coupling to primary amines.
Answer:EDC, NHS and 1.0 M ethanolamine-HCl at pH 8.5.
Answer:It blocks residual activated carboxyl groups after the ligand-coupling step.
The Biacore Amine Coupling Kit contains reagents for covalent ligand immobilization on compatible surface plasmon resonance sensor surfaces. Its EDC/NHS chemistry activates carboxyl groups on the sensor-chip matrix, allowing primary amines on proteins or other ligands to react and form stable amide bonds. Ethanolamine is used to block remaining activated sites after coupling. The kit contains 750 mg of EDC, 115 mg of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 10.5 mL of 1.0 M ethanolamine-HCl at pH 8.5. The reaction sequence normally includes activation, ligand injection and blocking, with coupling conditions selected to preserve ligand activity and achieve an appropriate surface density. Immobilization level and analyte response should be evaluated during method development to minimize mass-transfer or steric effects. This chemistry supports many Biacore SPR workflows but is distinct from thiol coupling, affinity capture and the additional-reagent type 2 kit. Appropriate chip chemistry, sample buffer and storage conditions are important for reproducible ligand surfaces.
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