Description
The Total RSK1 Cellular Kit is designed for the robust quantification of Total RSK1 directly using a streamlined mix-and-read, no-wash protocol. RSK1 plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and differentiation. This kit can be used from basic research to high throughput drug screening. Its versatility means it is suitable for many applications, ranging from basic research to the analysis of pharmacological questions in cellular models.
HTRF assays offer many advantages over other technologies:
Homogeneous add-and-read format
No wash steps
Low background
Straightforward miniaturization from 96- or 384-well microplates to high density assay formats such as 384-well low volume and 1536-well plates
Stable signal, providing flexibility in time of readout or size of assays
Total RSK1 assay principle
The Total RSK1 assay measures RSK1. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer. The Total RSK1 assay uses 2 labeled antibodies: one with a donor fluorophore, the other with an acceptor. The first antibody was selected for its specific binding to the phosphorylated motif on the protein, and the second for its ability to recognize the protein independent of its phosphorylation state. Protein phosphorylation enables an immune-complex formation involving both labeled antibodies and which brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity to the acceptor, thereby generating a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of phosphorylated protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s phosphorylation state under a no-wash assay format.
Total RSK1 2-plate assay protocol
The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis. Then lysates are transferred into a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Total RSK1 HTRF detection reagents. This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.
Total RSK1 1-plate assay protocol
Detection of Phosphorylated c-RAF (Ser338) with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.
Total and phospho RSK1 (S380) detection in EGF-stimulated A431 cells
A431 cells were plated under 100 µl in a 96-well plates (80,000 cells/well) in complete culture medium and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The day after, cells were treated with 50 µl of increasing concentrations of EGF for 5 min at 37°C, 5% CO2.
After medium removal, cells were then lysed with 100 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #2 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking, and 16 µL of lysate were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 2 µL of the HTRF D2 detection reagent and 2 µL HTRF Eu-K detection reagent. Total RSK1 and S380 were quantified in separate wells. The HTRF signal was recorded after ON incubation.
Total and phospho RSK1 (T359/S363) detection in EGF-stimulated A431 cells
A431 cells were plated under 100 µl in a 96-well plates (80,000 cells/well) in complete culture medium and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The day after, cells were treated with 50 µl of increasing concentrations of EGF for 5 min at 37°C, 5% CO2.
After medium removal, cells were then lysed with 100 µL of supplemented lysis buffer #2 for 30 minutes at RT under gentle shaking, and 16 µL of lysate were transferred into a low volume white microplate before the addition of 2 µL of the HTRF D2 detection reagent and 2 µL HTRF Eu-K detection reagent. Total RSK1 and S380 were quantified in separate wells. The HTRF signal was recorded after ON incubation.
Function and regulation of RSK1
The Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 (RSK1) is a downstream component of the MAP kinase and ERK signaling pathway and participates to the regulation of transcription factors, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation with Serine/Threonine kinase.
It is phosphorylated at Thr359/Ser363 by MAPK1/ERK as an initial activation, and then autophosphorylates at Ser380 which allow PDK1 binding.
