Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a key adaptor protein that transmits signals from insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors to downstream pathways, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK, regulating metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Upon insulin binding to its receptor, the receptor's tyrosine kinase activity is activated, leading to the phosphorylation of IRS1 on multiple tyrosine residues. These phosphorylated sites serve as docking points for various signaling molecules, particularly those containing SH2 domains. Dysregulation of IRS1 is implicated in metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, as well as oncogenesis, where it contributes to tumor growth in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.
The AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra Human and Mouse Phospho-IRS1 (Ser612) Detection Kit is a sandwich immunoassay for the quantitative detection of phospho-IRS1 (Ser612) in cellular lysates, using Alpha Technology.
Formats:
The HV (high volume) kit contains reagents to run 100 wells in 96-well format, using a 60 μL reaction volume.
The 500-point kit contains enough reagents to run 500 wells in 384-well format, using a 20 μL reaction volume.
The 10,000-point kit contains enough reagents to run 10,000 wells in 384-well format, using a 20 μL reaction volume.
The 50,000-point kit contains enough reagents to run 50,000 wells in 384-well format, using a 20 μL reaction volume.
AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra kits are compatible with:
Cell and tissue lysates
Antibody modulators
Biotherapeutic antibodies
AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra kits can be used for:
Cellular kinase assays
Receptor activation studies
High-throughput screening for preclinical studies
Phospho-AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra assay principle
The Phospho-AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra assay measures a target protein when phosphorylated at a specific residue in a biological sample (e.g. cell lysate).
The assay uses two antibodies which recognize the phospho epitope and a distal epitope on the target protein. AlphaLISA assays require two bead types: Acceptor and Donor Beads. Acceptor Beads are coated with a proprietary CaptSure™ agent to specifically immobilize the assay specific antibody, labeled with a CaptSure tag. Donor Beads are coated with streptavidin to capture one of the detection antibodies, which is biotinylated. In the presence of phosphorylated protein, the two antibodies bring the Donor and Acceptor Beads in close proximity whereby the singlet oxygen transfers energy to excite the Acceptor Bead, allowing for the generation of a luminescent Alpha signal. The amount of light emission is directly proportional to the quantity of phosphoprotein present in the sample.
Phospho-AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra two-plate assay protocol
The two-plate protocol involves culturing and treating the cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates into a 384-well OptiPlate™ plate before the addition of Phospho-AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra detection reagents. This protocol enables cell viability and confluence to be monitored. In addition, lysates from a single well can be used to measure multiple targets.
Phospho-AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra one-plate assay protocol
Detection of Phosphorylated target protein with AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, treatment, and lysis. No washing steps are required. This HTS designed protocol allows for miniaturization while maintaining robust AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra quality.
Activation of Phospho IRS1 (Ser612) in endogenous cellular models
A431 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (40,000 cells/well) in complete medium, and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The cells were starved for 2 hours and then treated with increasing concentrations of EGF for 30 minutes.
After treatment, the cells were lysed with 100 µL of Lysis Buffer for 10 minutes at RT with shaking (350 rpm). IRS1 Phospho (Ser612) and Total levels were evaluated using respective AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra assays. For the detection step, 10 µL of cell lysate (approximately 4,000 cells) was transferred into a 384-well white OptiPlate, followed by 5 µL of Acceptor mix and incubated for 1 hour at RT. Finally, 5 µL of Donor mix was then added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at RT in the dark. The plate was read on an Envision using standard AlphaLISA settings.
As expected, EGF triggered a dose-dependent increase in the levels of Phospho (Ser612) IRS1with no significant change in Total levels.
HeLa cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (40,000 cells/well) in complete medium, and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The cells were starved for 24 hours and then treated with increasing concentrations of PMA for 30 minutes.
After treatment, the cells were lysed with 100 µL of Lysis Buffer for 10 minutes at RT with shaking (350 rpm). IRS1 Phospho (Ser612) and Total levels were evaluated using respective AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra assays. For the detection step, 10 µL of cell lysate (approximately 4,000 cells) was transferred into a 384-well white OptiPlate, followed by 5 µL of Acceptor mix and incubated for 1 hour at RT. Finally, 5 µL of Donor mix was then added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at RT in the dark. The plate was read on an Envision using standard AlphaLISA settings.
PMA triggered a dose-dependent increase in the levels of Phospho (Ser612) IRS1 while Total levels remained unchanged.
Inhibition of Phospho IRS1 (Ser612) in Staurosporine treated cells
A431 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (40,000 cells/well) in complete medium, and incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Staurosporine for 1 hour.
After treatment, the cells were lysed with 100 µL of Lysis Buffer for 10 minutes at RT with shaking (350 rpm). IRS1 Phospho (Ser612) and Total levels were evaluated using respective AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra assays. For the detection step, 10 µL of cell lysate (approximately 4,000 cells) was transferred into a 384-well white OptiPlate, followed by 5 µL of Acceptor mix and incubated for 1 hour at RT. Finally, 5 µL of Donor mix was then added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at RT in the dark. The plate was read on an Envision using standard AlphaLISA settings.
Staurosporine triggered a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of Phospho (Ser612) IRS1 while Total levels remained unchanged.
