Description
Key facts
Detection method:Colorimetric,
Sample types:Urine, Plasma, Tissue Extracts, Serum, Other biological fluids, Cell Lysate,
Assay type:Enzyme activity,
Sensitivity:> 0.1 mU/mL,
Range:0.1 - 40 mU/mL,
Assay time:40m,
Assay Platform:Microplate reader
Product details:
Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit (ab83461) is a highly sensitive, simple, direct and HTS-ready colorimetric assay for measuring GR activity in biological samples. In the assay, GR reduces GSSG to GSH, which reacts with 5, 5'-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) to generate TNB2- (yellow color, λmax = 405 nm). The assay can detect 0.1-40 mU/ml GR in various samples.
Since Glutathione Reductase has significantly higher concentrations in cells (mM range) compared to Thioredoxin Reductase (μM range), we predict that ab83461 will detect mostly GR activity in samples.
Glutathione Reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which plays an important role in the GSH redox cycle that maintains adequate levels of reduced GSH. A high GSH/GSSG ratio is essential for protection against oxidative stress. **Related products** Review the to learn about more assays for oxidative stress.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information-Please refer to protocols
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Glutathione reductase also known as GSR or GSH reductase is an enzyme critical for maintaining the cellular redox balance by reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to its sulfhydryl form GSH. It has a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa and is widely expressed in various tissues with high levels found in the liver and red blood cells. This enzyme is a flavoprotein that requires FAD as a cofactor to drive the reduction process playing an important role in the recycling of glutathione which is essential for detoxification processes in the cell.
Biological function summary
Glutathione reductase activity supports cellular defense against oxidative stress by regenerating reduced glutathione. It is not part of a larger complex but interacts with other antioxidants to protect cells from damage. The enzyme works continuously to keep the intracellular environment balanced by maintaining an adequate GSH/GSSG ratio. This balance is vital for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can otherwise cause cellular damage and contribute to disease development.
Pathways
Glutathione reductase function is integral to the glutathione metabolism and pentose phosphate pathways. It collaborates closely with related proteins like glutathione peroxidase which uses GSH to reduce hydrogen peroxide therefore preventing its toxic accumulation. By ensuring a steady supply of GSH glutathione reductase supports the antioxidant defenses necessary for cellular survival under stress conditions linking it to various signaling cascades that monitor and manage oxidative stress levels.
Glutathione reductase has significant implications in conditions characterized by oxidative stress such as Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Impairments in glutathione reductase activity can lead to insufficient detoxification of ROS contributing to the pathophysiology of these conditions. In Alzheimer's the enzyme's dysfunction allows for increased oxidative damage often involving interactions with other proteins such as amyloid-beta which exacerbates neuronal damage. Similarly in cardiovascular diseases disrupted glutathione homeostasis can drive oxidative stress-related damage to vascular tissues.
