Proteintech, 11224-1-AP, Alpha Tubulin Polyclonal antibody

11224-1-AP targets Alpha Tubulin in WB, IHC, IF/ICC, IF-Fro, FC (Intra), IP, CoIP, ELISA applications and shows reactivity with human, mouse, rat samples.
Tested Applications
Positive WB detected in: HEK-293 cells, A549 cells, HeLa cells, NIH/3T3 cells, rat brain, C6 cells, mouse heart tissue, mouse liver tissue, rat liver tissue, rat heart tissue
Positive IP detected in: HeLa cells
Positive IHC detected in: human colon cancer tissue, human liver cancer tissue, human endometrial cancer tissueNote: suggested antigen retrieval withTE buffer pH 9.0;(*) Alternatively, antigen retrieval may be performed withcitrate buffer pH 6.0
Positive IF-Fro detected in: mouse testis tissue
Positive IF/ICC detected in: HeLa cells, HepG2 cells, MCF-7 cells, Lymphatic endothelial cells cells
Positive FC (Intra) detected in: HEK-293 cells
Recommended dilution
Western Blot (WB): WB : 1:5000-1:50000
Immunoprecipitation (IP): IP : 0.5-4.0 ug for 1.0-3.0 mg of total protein lysate
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): IHC : 1:50-1:500
Immunofluorescence (IF)-FRO: IF-FRO : 1:50-1:500
Immunofluorescence (IF)/ICC: IF/ICC : 1:50-1:500
Flow Cytometry (FC) (INTRA): FC (INTRA) : 0.50 ug per 10^6 cells in a 100 µl suspension
Background Information
What is the function of alpha tubulin?Alpha-tubulin belongs to a large superfamily of tubulin proteins. There are a number of different subtypes that have a molecular weight of ~50kDa and are able to bind to beta-tubulin, forming a heterodimer that polymerises to microtubules as part of the cytoskeleton. These maintain cell structure, provide platforms for intracellular transport and are also involved in cell division.Where is alpha-tubulin expressed?Alpha tubulin is highly conserved and is present in nearly all eukaryotic cells as one of the building blocks of microtubules. The ubiquitous nature of this protein has led to its common use as a control protein for many tissue types as well as highlighting the structure of the cytoskeleton.What are the post-translational modifications of alpha tubulin?The function and properties of microtubules are drastically affected by the post-translational modifications undergone by tubulin, which may occur to the tubulin dimer directly or to the polymerised mictotubule. For example, the first modification to be identified was detyrosination1, as most alpha-tubulins have a tyrosine at their terminus. This process affects microtubules more than dimers and leads to patches of detyronisation along the structure, regulating protein interactions and allowing subcellular compartments to be defined.2,3Polyglutamylation also occurs on several sites within the carboxy-terminal tails. However, to date, the most-studied alpha tubulin modification is related to acetylation of lysine 40 (K40).1. Gundersen, G. G., Khawaja, S. & Bulinski, J. C. Postpolymerization detyrosination of alpha-tubulin: a mechanism for subcellular differentiation of microtubules.J. Cell Biol.105,251-64 (1987).2. Galjart, N. Plus-End-Tracking Proteins and Their Interactions at Microtubule Ends.Curr. Biol.20,R528-R537 (2010).3. Jiang, K. & Akhmanova, A. Microtubule tip-interacting proteins: a view from both ends.Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.23,94-101 (2011).