Description
Key facts
Applications:WBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Target:CYCSSee target data,
Reacts with:Human
Product details:
The permeabilization of mitochondrial outer membrane and the subsequent release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic proteins from mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytoplasm is considered a hallmark of many apoptotic pathways. Therefore assaying these proteins in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions is of prime interest for many researchers.
ab 110415 (MSA12) is a Western blot antibody cocktail that allows for the detection of cytochrome c in cytoplasmic and mitochondria-containing fractions for determining the proportion of released cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm from apoptosis. The kit includes antibodies against a cytoplasmic protein marker, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphodehydrogenase (GAPDH), and 2 mitochondrial markers, pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E1-alpha (a matrix marker), and ATP synthase subunit alpha (an inner membrane marker). This set of control markers allows for the monitoring and/or optimization of the permeabilization conditions.
Cocktail Antibodies
Mouse anti Cyt. c monoclonal
Amount: 50 μg
Working concentration: 1 μg/ml
Mouse anti GAPDH monclonal
Amount: 5ug
Working concentration: 0.1 μg/ml
Mouse anti PDH-E1-alpha monoclonal
Amount: 100ug
Working concentration: 2 μg/ml
Mouse anti C-V-alpha monoclonal
Amount: 25ug
Working concentration: 0.5 μg/ml
This product was previously called ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis WB Antibody Cocktail
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Dry Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-Multi, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-Multi
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Cytochrome c commonly referred to as 'cyt c' or 'apotrack' is a small heme protein with a molecular mass of around 12 kDa. It gets expressed in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. During the process of apoptosis cytochrome c translocates from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This movement acts as an important step in the initiation of apoptosis. It's possible to identify this protein through western blot techniques often indicated by 'cyt c WB' or 'cytochrome c western blot'.
Biological function summary
Cytochrome c plays an integral role in both the respiratory chain and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. It functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain facilitating ATP production. In apoptosis cytochrome c partners with Apaf-1 to form the apoptosome complex. This complex is essential for activating caspase-9 a critical executer of the cell death process. Understanding its presence in these complexes is fundamental for studying programmed cell death mechanisms.
Pathways
Cytochrome c has significant roles within the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This process involves a series of molecular events leading to programmed cell death. Cytochrome c initiates the activation of the caspase cascade particularly influencing the work of proteins like caspase-3. It also links to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway where cytochrome c facilitates electron transfer between complex III and complex IV critical for ATP synthesis. These interactions highlight cytochrome c's multifaceted function in cellular metabolism and apoptosis.
Cytochrome c's displacement from the mitochondria connects to conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis can lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancers with cytochrome c's release being a pivotal factor. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered apoptosis involving cytochrome c are observed. Additionally cytochrome c's relationship with Bcl-2 family proteins illustrates how it's embedded in the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals influencing disease progression.
