Description
Key facts
Detection method:Fluorescent,
Sample types:Adherent cells,
Reacts with:Mouse, Rat, Human,
Assay type:Direct
Product details:
Apoptotic cells which have released mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol can be differentiated from non apoptotic cells which still retain cytochrome c in their mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy.
ab110417 (MSA07) contains a cytochrome c monoclonal antibody (50 μg) and an isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 μg) which has a fluorescein fluorophore conjugated to it. The kit also contains an ATP synthase V subunit alpha monoclonal antibody (50 μg) and the appropriate isotype-specific secondary antibody (50 μg) which has a Texas Red fluorophore conjugated to it.
ATP synthase is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein and serves as a mitochondrial marker since it is not released into the cytoplasm during apoptosis, unlike cytochrome c. Thus one is able to observe cytochrome c and a mitochondrial marker (ATP synthase subunit alpha) simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy using ab110417. Buffers and blocking solution for immunocytochemical analysis are also included in the kit.
This product was previously called ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis ICC Antibody Kit.**Other apoptosis assays**For more apoptosis assays, review the .
REACH authorisation
Abcam has not and does not intend to apply for the REACH Authorisation of customers' uses of products that contain European Authorisation list (Annex XIV) substances.
It is the responsibility of our customers to check the necessity of application of REACH Authorisation, and any other relevant authorisations, for their intended uses.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Dry Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-Multi, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-Multi, Storage information-Please refer to protocols
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Cytochrome c commonly referred to as 'cyt c' or 'apotrack' is a small heme protein with a molecular mass of around 12 kDa. It gets expressed in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. During the process of apoptosis cytochrome c translocates from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This movement acts as an important step in the initiation of apoptosis. It's possible to identify this protein through western blot techniques often indicated by 'cyt c WB' or 'cytochrome c western blot'.
Biological function summary
Cytochrome c plays an integral role in both the respiratory chain and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. It functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain facilitating ATP production. In apoptosis cytochrome c partners with Apaf-1 to form the apoptosome complex. This complex is essential for activating caspase-9 a critical executer of the cell death process. Understanding its presence in these complexes is fundamental for studying programmed cell death mechanisms.
Pathways
Cytochrome c has significant roles within the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This process involves a series of molecular events leading to programmed cell death. Cytochrome c initiates the activation of the caspase cascade particularly influencing the work of proteins like caspase-3. It also links to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway where cytochrome c facilitates electron transfer between complex III and complex IV critical for ATP synthesis. These interactions highlight cytochrome c's multifaceted function in cellular metabolism and apoptosis.
Cytochrome c's displacement from the mitochondria connects to conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis can lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancers with cytochrome c's release being a pivotal factor. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered apoptosis involving cytochrome c are observed. Additionally cytochrome c's relationship with Bcl-2 family proteins illustrates how it's embedded in the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals influencing disease progression.
