Key facts
CAS number:16561-29-8,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:616.8 Da,
Molecular formula:C36H56O8,
PubChem:27924,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Available in multiple formats – ab120297: Soluble in DMSO to 100 mM and in ethanol to 10 mM; ab147465: Supplied in DMSO (10mM).,
Biochemical name:Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,
Biological description:Potent nanomolar activator of protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro. Binds to C1 domain of protein kinase C, induces membrane translocation and enzyme activation. Also reported to have actions on non-kinase proteins including chimaerins, RasGRP and Unc-13/Munc-13. Extremely potent mouse skin tumor promoter.,
Canonical smiles:CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C2(C(C=C(CC3(C2C=C(C3=O)C)O)CO)C4C1(C4(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C,
Isomeric smiles:CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@]2([C@@H](C=C(C[C@]3([C@H]2C=C(C3=O)C)O)CO)[C@H]4[C@@]1(C4(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C,
InChi:InChI=1S/C36H56O8/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-29(39)43-32-24(3)35(42)27(30-33(5,6)36(30,32)44-25(4)38)20-26(22-37)21-34(41)28(35)19-23(2)31(34)40/h19-20,24,27-28,30,32,37,41-42H,7-18,21-22H2,1-6H3/t24-,27+,28-,30-,32-,34-,35-,36-/m1/s1,
InChiKey:PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N,
IUPAC Name:[(1S,2S,6R,10S,11R,13S,14R,15R)-13-acetyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-4,12,12,15-tetramethyl-5-oxo-14-tetracyclo[8.5.0.02,6.011,13]pentadeca-3,8-dienyl] tetradecanoate
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Protein Kinase C (PKC) family consists of serine/threonine kinases involved in various cellular processes. This family includes PKC delta PKC mu (also known as Protein Kinase D or PKD) PKC epsilon PKC beta 2 PKC gamma PKC zeta PKC eta PKC theta (PRKCQ) PKC iota and PKC nu (PRKD3). These proteins are activated by PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) and other phorbol esters like phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate which mimic diacylglycerol a natural activator. Mechanically they phosphorylate a wide range of substrates reaching their molecular weight of around 77-100 kDa. PKCs are expressed in multiple tissues playing distinct roles in cellular signaling.
Biological function summary
The PKC family influences many cellular processes including cell proliferation differentiation and survival. These proteins interact with signaling complexes to regulate cellular responses. PKC isoforms participate in assembling or modulating these complexes in response to external stimuli like hormones or stress. Phorbols like PMA activate PKCs altering intracellular signaling pathways. PKCs' role in tumor promotion through these processes makes them significant in cancer research.
Pathways
PKC proteins are essential components in the MAPK/ERK pathway influencing gene expression and cell cycle. They also integrate signals in the PI3K/AKT pathway impacting cell growth and apoptosis. Through these pathways PKC interacts with proteins like RAF MEK in MAPK/ERK and PDK1 mTOR in PI3K/AKT coordinating multiple cellular responses to environmental changes.
PKCs have been implicated in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In cancer PKC mutations or aberrant regulation promote tumorigenic processes such as uncontrolled cell division and survival often in connection with proteins like Ras or Bcl-2. In cardiovascular diseases altered PKC activity affects heart muscle function and development interacting with proteins like Troponin I or C. Understanding PKC regulation offers potential therapeutic insights for treating these conditions.
