Description
Key facts
CAS number:1257-08-5,
Purity:>98%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Source:Camellia sinensis,
Molecular weight:442.4 Da,
Molecular formula:C22H18O10,
PubChem:107905,
Nature:Native,
Solubility:Soluble in waterSoluble in ethanol,
Biochemical name:(-)-Epicatechin gallate,
Biological description:Apoptosis inducer. Found in green tea. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects in vitro. Active in vivo.,
Canonical smiles:C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O,
Isomeric smiles:C1[C@H]([C@H](OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O,
InChi:InChI=1S/C22H18O10/c23-11-6-14(25)12-8-19(32-22(30)10-4-16(27)20(29)17(28)5-10)21(31-18(12)7-11)9-1-2-13(24)15(26)3-9/h1-7,19,21,23-29H,8H2/t19-,21-/m1/s1,
InChiKey:LSHVYAFMTMFKBA-TZIWHRDSSA-N,
IUPAC Name:[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The p38 protein also known as MAPK14 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase with a mass of approximately 41.1 kDa. This kinase is expressed in a variety of tissues including the heart brain and muscle. It functions mechanically as a serine-threonine protein kinase playing a significant role in transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Bcl-2 a protein of 25 kDa acts as an apoptosis inducer inhibitor and its expression is mainly found in hematopoietic cells. The delta kappa and mu opioid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors prominently expressed in the central nervous system with masses of about 40-60 kDa each. The HuC/HuD proteins with masses around 37 kDa are neuronal RNA-binding proteins vital for mRNA stabilization and translation. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an enzyme of about 21 kDa found in the cytoplasm responsible for reducing dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) weighs approximately 53 kDa and is involved in the pentose phosphate pathway expressed mainly in red blood cells and the liver.
Biological function summary
These proteins serve key roles in complex cellular processes. The p38 MAPK pathway is important in stress response and inflammation while Bcl-2 is critical in apoptosis regulation. Opioid receptors mediate analgesic and euphoric effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids. HuC/HuD proteins are involved in neuronal differentiation and plasticity. DHFR participates in nucleotide biosynthesis which is essential for DNA replication and repair. PGD part of the pentose phosphate complex catalyzes the oxidative phase providing reducing power and ribose-5-phosphate for anabolic reactions.
Pathways
These proteins integrate into essential biological networks. The p38 MAPK is a part of the MAPK signaling cascade interacting with proteins like MKK3 and MKK6. Bcl-2 interfaces with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway influencing proteins like Bax and Bak. Opioid receptors link to the G-protein signaling pathway affecting intracellular pathways through associated proteins like adenylate cyclase. HuC/HuD proteins contribute to RNA metabolism pathways associated with synaptic plasticity. DHFR acts within the folate pathway interconnected with pathways like the methionine cycle. PGD is an important component of the pentose phosphate pathway working alongside glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
These proteins have significant associations. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK is linked to inflammatory diseases and certain cancers involving proteins like TNF-alpha. Bcl-2 overexpression is noted in various cancers including lymphoma where it interacts with pro-apoptotic proteins. Malfunction or overexpression of opioid receptors contribute to addiction and pain disorders involving interaction with endogenous peptides such as endorphins. HuC/HuD are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s through altered mRNA stability of key neuronal transcripts. DHFR is targeted in cancer and infections due to its role in nucleotide synthesis impacting cell proliferation. Mutations in PGD can cause oxidative stress-related disorders such as chronic hemolytic anemia with interactions affecting NADPH levels.
