Description
Key facts
CAS number:7298-99-9,
Purity:>97%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:149.1 Da,
Molecular formula:C4H7NO5,
PubChem:443239,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in 1eq. NaOH to 100 mM,
Biochemical name:DL-threo-beta-Hydroxyaspartic acid,
Biological description:Potent, competitive, transportable EAAT1-4 inhibitor/non-transportable EAAT5 inhibitor. Potentiates L-glutamate (ab120049) and L-aspartate induced neuronal excitation. Shows neuronal excitotoxic effects in vivo.,
Canonical smiles:C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)N,
Isomeric smiles:[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)N,
InChi:InChI=1S/C4H7NO5/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,6H,5H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m0/s1,
InChiKey:YYLQUHNPNCGKJQ-LWMBPPNESA-N,
IUPAC Name:(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-Ambient, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-Ambient
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Glutamate Transporter 1 also known as EAAT3 and EAAT4 is involved in the transport of glutamate across cell membranes. This protein family is essential in maintaining low extracellular levels of glutamate in the central nervous system. The members of this family have different expression patterns with EAAT3 mostly found in neurons EAAT4 found in cerebellar Purkinje cells and EAAT1 in astrocytes. These transporters have a mass ranging from approximately 50 to 60 kDa.
Biological function summary
The glutamate transporters remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft preventing excitotoxicity which occurs when excessive glutamate leads to neuronal damage. They comprise part of a larger protein complex that maintains synaptic transmission and cellular homeostasis. These transporters also regulate excitatory signaling and help recycle glutamate for use as a neurotransmitter maintaining brain function.
Pathways
Glutamate transporters integrate into the glutamatergic signaling pathway important in synaptic transmission and plasticity. They play a role in the central nervous system interacting with proteins involved in neurotransmitter release such as glutamine synthetase which assists in converting glutamate back into glutamine. These transporters also connect to pathways managing metabolic energy highlighting their influence beyond neurotransmission alone.
Changes in glutamate transporter activity relate to neurological conditions like epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dysregulation might result in altered excitatory signaling contributing to neuron damage and disease progression. The transporters connect to other proteins involved in these disorders such as those in the astrocytic pathways that support neuronal health and neurotransmitter balance.
