Description
Key facts
Sample types:Suspension cells, Adherent cells,
Assay type:Cell-based,
Assay time:1h,
Assay Platform:Flow cytometer, Fluorescence microscope
Product details:
Apoptosis/ Necrosis Assay Kit (blue, red, green) (ab176750) is designed to simultaneously monitor apoptotic, necrotic and healthy cells.
The PS sensor used in this kit has red fluorescence (Ex/Em = 630/660 nm) upon binding to membrane PS.
Loss of plasma membrane integrity, as demonstrated by the ability of the membrane-impermeable DNA Nuclear Green DCS1 dye (Ex/Em = 490/525 nm) to label the nucleus, represents a straightforward approach to demonstrate late stage apoptosis and necrosis.
This apoptosis / necrosis assay also provides a live cell cytoplasm labeling dye CytoCalcein Violet 450 (Ex/Em = 405/450 nm) to label live cell cytoplasm.
This kit is optimized to simultaneously detect cell apoptosis (Red), apoptosis (red and/or green) and healthy cells (blue) with a flow cytometer or fluorescence microscope.
This product was previously called Apoptosis/ Necrosis Detection Kit.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information--20°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Apoptosis and necrosis are distinct forms of cell death with mechanical and biological differences. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process often called programmed cell death while necrosis is an uncontrolled cell death resulting from injury or infection. Apoptosis involves a series of signaling pathways including the activation of caspases a family of proteases that play essential roles in cell death. The apoptotic process takes place in various tissues and is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Necrosis on the other hand typically occurs due to acute damage and is characterized by cell swelling membrane rupture and inflammation. These processes can be investigated using tools like apoptosis detection kits and necrosis markers.
Biological function summary
Apoptosis serves to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells without eliciting an inflammatory response. It is part of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that incorporate various proteins and signaling molecules. During apoptosis the formation of complexes such as the apoptosome triggers caspase activation. Key players in apoptosis also include Bcl-2 family proteins which regulate mitochondrial membrane permeability. Conversely necrosis results in a direct inflammatory response due to the release of intracellular contents. Both apoptosis and necrosis play roles in developmental processes and maintaining tissue integrity.
Pathways
The apoptotic process integrates into pathways like the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway and the death receptor (extrinsic) pathway. In the intrinsic pathway cytochrome c release from mitochondria forms the apoptosome complex with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 leading to downstream caspase activation. The extrinsic pathway involves death receptors such as Fas and TNF receptor interacting with adaptor proteins to activate caspase-8. Necrosis typically results from pathophysiological conditions but can share overlaps with necroptosis a regulated form of necrosis involving proteins such as RIPK1 and RIPK3.
Dysregulation of apoptosis and necrosis is linked to conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal apoptosis is associated with cancer where reduced apoptosis allows uncontrolled cell proliferation. This often involves proteins such as p53 which can promote apoptosis under stress conditions but mutations can alter its function. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's both apoptosis and necrosis contribute to neuronal loss. The accumulation of misfolded proteins like amyloid-beta may trigger apoptotic pathways while necrosis can result from oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.
