Description
Key facts
Applications:WBSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Reacts with:Mouse, Rat, Human,
Form:LiquidSee storage information,
Storage buffer:Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azideConstituents: 0.66% Sodium chloride, 0.61% Tris, 0.5% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Product details:
The PRX pathway Western blot cocktail is designed to determine the relative abundance of several important proteins involved in the thioredoxin redox pathway.
Thioredoxin (TRX) is a small enzyme (12kDa) that facilitates the reduction of other enzymes via cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. Thioredoxin is used by cells to reduce ROS amounts and in redox signaling processes. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is found in the cytoplasm and possesses glutaredoxin and thioredoxin reductase activity. TXNRD1 utilizes its redox-active disulfide bond to reduce oxidized thioredoxin. Also involved in the thioredoxin redox pathway and additionally shown to be upregulated in a variety of cancers is the relatively abundant peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1). Peroxiredoxin 1 is an antioxidant enzyme that helps regulate peroxide levels and is involved in redox signaling. Peroxiredoxin 1's activity is regenerated after being reduced by thioredoxin.
These three readouts are easily resolved by Western blot given their different molecular weights. As all primary antibodies in the WB cocktail are rabbit antibodies, an anti-rabbit secondary should be used for detection.
Expected and observed MWs:
Thioredoxin: 12 kDa
Thioredoxin Reductase 1: 55 kDa
Peroxiredoxin 1: 22 kDa
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
TRX+TXNRD1+PRX1 refers to the thioredoxin (TRX) thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) system significant players in the regulation of redox homeostasis. TRX also known as thioredoxin-1 has a molecular weight of approximately 12 kDa and is present in most mammalian tissues. TXNRD1 is part of the selenoprotein family with a mass of around 55 kDa and expresses widely in cells including those in the liver lungs and kidneys. PRX1 is about 22 kDa in weight and is mainly localized in the cytosol. Together this system operates predominantly in the cytoplasm but can also function within the mitochondria.
Biological function summary
The TRX+TXNRD1+PRX1 system serves as a central antioxidant defense and is involved in cellular response to oxidative stress. This trio does not function individually but works as an integrated complex maintaining a balanced redox state in cells. Thioredoxin acts as an electron donor to peroxiredoxin reducing hydrogen peroxide to water a process important to remove harmful reactive oxygen species. Thioredoxin reductase then regenerates the reduced form of thioredoxin sustaining this antioxidant cycle and additionally influencing transcription factors that regulate cell survival and apoptosis.
Pathways
Thioredoxin thioredoxin reductase and peroxiredoxin operate in key pathways like the NADPH-dependent reduction pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The TRX system utilizes NADPH to reduce thioredoxin integral to protecting against oxidative damage. The pathway relates to other significant proteins like glutathione another cellular antioxidant that collaborates with the TRX system in defending cells from oxidative stress. In addition the MAPK pathway involves thioredoxin participating in signal transduction mechanisms that affect cell proliferation and response to stress.
The TRX+TXNRD1+PRX1 system links closely to cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Its antioxidant properties contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation and prevention of apoptosis processes that when malfunctioning may lead to tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. The system's malfunction can also contribute to oxidative stress promoting atherosclerosis an important factor in cardiovascular diseases. The protein family related to these diseases includes nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) a transcription factor that the TRX system regulates affecting inflammation and cell survival pathways relevant to disease progression.
