Description
Key facts
Detection method:Colorimetric,
Sample types:Cell Lysate, Cell culture supernatant, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate,
Reacts with:Human,
Assay type:Sandwich (quantitative),
Sensitivity:< 10 pg/mL,
Range:62.5 - 4000 pg/mL,
Assay time:3h 30m,
Assay Platform:Pre-coated microplate (12 x 8 well strips)
Product details:
The Human Azurocidin Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (ab213755) is designed for the quantitative measurement of Human Azurocidin in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, tissue homogenates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA).
The ELISA kit is based on standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. A monoclonal antibody from mouse specific for Azurocidin has been pre-coated onto 96-well plates. Standards (Expression system for standard: NSO; Immunogen sequence: I27-P248) and test samples are added to the wells, a biotinylated detection polyclonal antibody from goat specific for Azurocidin is added subsequently and then followed by washing with PBS or TBS buffer. Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added and unbound conjugates are washed away with PBS or TBS buffer. HRP substrate TMB is used to visualize HRP enzymatic reaction. TMB is catalyzed by HRP to produce a blue color product that changed into yellow after adding acidic stop solution. The density of yellow is proportional to the Human Azurocidin amount of sample captured in plate.
Azurocidin, also known as cationic anti-microbial protein CAP37 or heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZU1 gene. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family, but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. Azurocidin is mapped to 19p13.3. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with antibacterial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. In addition to it, Azurocidin is also a specific chemoattractant for monocytes. It lacks the chemotactic activity for neutrophils and lymphocytes, and this gene is probably responsible for the wave of monocytes that follows the initial wave of PMNs typical of the inflammatory response.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information--20°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Azurocidin also known as heparin-binding protein or CAP37 is a serine protease homolog with a molecular mass of approximately 37 kDa. Unlike other serine proteases it doesn’t have protease activity due to specific structural changes in its catalytic triad. Azurocidin expresses mainly in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. Upon activation these cells release it into the extracellular environment where it exerts its functions.
Biological function summary
Azurocidin plays a role in innate immune responses by promoting leukocyte recruitment and increasing vascular permeability. It does not form a part of any known enzyme complex though cooperates with other proteins to mount an effective defense against pathogens. Azurocidin works by acting as an antimicrobial agent demonstrating activity against a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It also modulates inflammatory responses and impacts cellular signaling.
Pathways
Azurocidin contributes to the innate immune signaling pathways and inflammation processes. It interacts with the inflammatory cascade by promoting the chemotaxis of monocytes and macrophages. Azurocidin relates to other inflammation modulating proteins such as cathepsin G and elastase which also originate from neutrophil granules. The interplay between these proteins forms a network that amplifies and sustains immune responses during infection or tissue injury.
Researchers associate azurocidin with conditions characterized by excessive inflammation such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. During these conditions azurocidin's activity tends to increase contributing to pathophysiological developments. It connects particularly to proteinase 3 during inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis where they jointly participate in the degradation of cartilage and perpetuation of inflammation. In sepsis its role in increasing vascular permeability and promoting immune cell infiltration can intensify the inflammatory damage seen in patients.
