Description
Key facts
Cell type:HeLa,
Species or organism:Human,
Tissue:Cervix,
Knockout validation:Sanger Sequencing,Western blot,
Mutation description:Knockout achieved by using CRISPR/Cas9, 1 bp deletion in exon 1 and 1 bp insertion in exon 1.,
Disease:Adenocarcinoma
Product details:
Knockout cell lysate achieved by CRISPR/Cas9.
REACH authorisation
Abcam has not and does not intend to apply for the REACH Authorisation of customers' uses of products that contain European Authorisation list (Annex XIV) substances.
It is the responsibility of our customers to check the necessity of application of REACH Authorisation, and any other relevant authorisations, for their intended uses.
Lysate preparation:
Our lysates are made using RIPA buffer to which we add a protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (ratio: 300:100:10).
This means that the protein of interest is denatured.
If you require a native form of the protein please use the live cell version. Please refer to our lysis protocol for further details on how our lysates are prepared.
User storage instructions:
Lyophilizate may be stored at 4°C. After reconstitution, store at -20°C for short-term storage or -80°C for long-term storage.
This product is subject to limited use licenses from The Broad Institute, ERS Genomics Limited and Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, and is developed with patented technology. For full details of the licenses and patents please refer to our
limited use license
patent pages
Properties and Storage Information:
Gene name-PDK4, Gene editing type-Knockout, Gene editing method-CRISPR technology, Knockout validation-Sanger Sequencing, Western blot, Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
PDK4 also known as Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4 plays an essential role in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism. PDK4 phosphorylates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex controlling the transformation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA a critical step in energy production. The protein has a molecular weight of around 49 kDa. PDK4 expression occurs in various tissues with high levels observed in skeletal muscle heart and liver reflecting its role in energy metabolic processes.
Biological function summary
The enzyme functions to inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by adding phosphate groups which reduces the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and shifts energy production from carbohydrates to fats especially during fasting or prolonged exercise. PDK4 operates as a homodimer and is often part of a larger regulatory system balancing glucose and fatty acid oxidation in response to nutrient availability.
Pathways
PDK4 is integral to the regulation of both glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. The enzyme interacts closely with the insulin signaling pathway where it modulates glucose uptake and utilization based on hormonal signals. Additionally PDK4 is a part of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway where it plays a role in cellular response to low oxygen levels interacting with related proteins such as pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH).
PDK4's activity is linked to metabolic conditions like diabetes and obesity where its altered expression can lead to insulin resistance by affecting glucose utilization. Furthermore PDK4 is associated with cardiovascular diseases through its influence on cardiac energy metabolism and its interaction with other proteins such as PDH contributing to heart dysfunction when deregulated.
