PARP (Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase) is a 113-kDa nuclear chromatin-associated enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to a variety of nuclear proteins including topoisomerases, histones, and PARP itself. The catalytic activity of PARP is increased in cells following DNA damage, and PARP is thought to play an important role in mediating the normal cellular response to DNA damage. Additionally, PARP is a target of the caspase protease activity associated with apoptosis. The PARP protein consists of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal catalytic domain separated by a central automodification domain. During apoptosis, Caspase-3 cleaves PARP at a recognition site (Asp Glu Val Asp Gly) in the DBD to form 24- and 89-kDa fragments. This process separates the DBD (which is mostly in the 24-kDa fragment) from the catalytic domain (in the 89-kDa fragment) of the enzyme, resulting in the loss of normal PARP function. It has been proposed that inactivation of PARP directs DNA-damaged cells to undergo apoptosis rather than necrotic degradation, and the presence of the 89-kDa PARP cleavage fraction is considered to be a marker of apoptosis. A peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the cleavage site (Asp 214) of human PARP was used as the immunogen. The F21-852 monoclonal antibody reacts only with the 89-kDa fragment of human PARP-1 that is downstream of the Caspase-3 cleavage site (Asp214) and contains the automodification and catalytic domains. It does not react with intact human PARP-1. Cross-reactivity with other members of the PARP superfamily is unknown. Recognition of cleaved PARP in mouse cells has been demonstrated, and it may also cross-react with a number of other species due to the conserved nature of the molecule.
Put all BD® AbSeq reagents to be pooled into a Latch Rack for 500 µL Tubes (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat. No. 4900). Arrange the tubes so that they can be easily uncapped and re-capped with an 8-Channel Screw Cap Tube Capper (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat. No. 4105MAT) and the reagents aliquoted with a multi-channel pipette. BD® AbSeq tubes should be centrifuged for = 30 seconds at 400 × g to ensure removal of any content in the cap/tube threads prior to the first opening. When using BD® AbSeq intracellular markers with the Single Cell 3' Sequencing Intracellular CITE-seq, cells must first be fixed and permeabilized using the BD Rhapsody™ Intracellular AbSeq Buffer Kit before the antibody-oligo can bind to the protein. Refer to the list of required companion products below and see BD Rhapsody™ System Single-Cell Labelling with BD® AbSeq Ab-Oligos for Intracellular CITE-seq (Doc ID: 23-24464) for the complete BD® AbSeq intracellular multiomics staining protocol. Contact your local Field Application Specialist (FAS) for additional guidance. Use standard laboratory safety protocols. Read and understand the safety data sheets (SDSs) before handling chemicals. To obtain SDSs, go to regdocs.bd.com or contact BD Biosciences technical support at
[email protected]. Warning: All biological specimens and materials contacting them are considered biohazardous. Handle as if capable of transmitting infection and dispose of with proper precautions in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. Never pipette by mouth. Wear suitable protective clothing, eyewear, and gloves.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography and conjugated to BD® AbSeq oligonucleotide under optimal conditions.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended volume per test. Typical use is 2 µl for 1 × 10^6 cells in a 200-µl staining reaction.
3. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
4. The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
5. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
6. Species cross-reactivity detected in product development may not have been confirmed on every format and/or application.
7. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
8. Please refer to bd.com/genomics-resources for technical protocols.
9. Illumina is a trademark of Illumina, Inc.
10. For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
