Description
General description
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is present mainly in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. It comprises three structural regions the O-side chain, a middle polysaccharide component, and Lipid A which contributes to the pyrogenic nature of LPS.
Application
LPS, E. Coli O111:B4 has been used for priming macrophages to upregulate genes necessary for NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. It has also been used to stimulate Raw264.7 cells before pull-down assay.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an effective immunostimulant induces inflammatory and immune responses by activating Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). It also contributes to osteoclastogenesis in mice. LPS serves as a permeability barrier around the cell surface to restrict the entry of toxic molecules such as antibiotics and bile salts. It acts as a pyrogenic agent and eventually induces septic shock in host cells.
Physical form
Liquid in PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin Activity: Not less than 500,000 Endotoxin Units per mg of LPS as measured by the gel clot assay; chromogenic (Cambrex assays) toxicity assay measurements demonstrate approximately 10 EU/nanogram of LPS.
Preparation Note
Maintain at 2-8°C for up to 6 months in undiluted aliquots.
Good laboratory technique should be employed in the safe handeling of any lipopolysaccharide or lipid A product.
This requires observing the following practices:
1. Wear appropriate laboratory attire including a lab coat, gloves and safety glasses.
2. Do not mouth pipette, ingest or allow to come into contact with open wounds. Wash thoroughly any area of the body which comes into contact with the product.
3. This product is pyrogenic. Avoid accidental autoinjection by exercising extreme care when handling in conjunction with any injection device.
Analysis Note
ANAYLISIS: <3% protein by Lowry assay.
Legal Information
CHEMICON is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
