Description
General description
Amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are key pathological features observed in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. Familial, early onset forms of AD (FAD) are caused by autosomal dominant inherited genetic mutations and offer an opportunity to study the effects of key mutations on the diseases progression and pathology. To date, approximately 200 FAD mutations in APP and/or PSEN1 have been reported. Transgenic mouse models and human neurons harboring FAD mutations in PSEN-1 and/or APP are widely used as model systems and have provide important insights into the disease. Transgenic mouse models are able to recapitulate the loss in cognitive functions along with increased deposition of b-amyloid plaques, but are unable to demonstrate neurofibrillary tangles, one of the key pathological hallmarks of AD. Similarly human iPSC-derived neurons from FAD patients demonstrated increased levels of the pathogenic AB species and phosphorylated tau, but lack the characteristic amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Recently a 3D model using genetically engineered human neural stem cells that overexpress FAD mutations was reported to recapitulate the two pathological hallmarks of AD: b-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Lentiviruses expressing FAD mutations in human APP with both the K670N/M671L (Swedish) and V717I (London) mutations (APPSL) and/or PSEN1 with the E9 mutation (PSEN1(E9)) and APPSL/PSEN1(E9) along with fluorescent proteins as reporters for viral infection (see below), were used to transfect ReNcell VM human neural stem cells. FACS was utilized to enrich for cells with the highest transgene expressions followed by encapsulation of the sorted cells in a 3D Matrigel culture system. After approximately 6 weeks of differentiation, aggregation of AB was observed. Robust accumulation of phosphorylated tau along neurofibrillary tangles was readily detectable after 10-14 weeks.
The Alzheimer’s In A Dish APPSL-GFP Lentivirus is a necessary reagent to set up the Alzheimer’s 3D culture system. The lentivirus contains the APPSL FAD mutations and can be used to infect human neural cells. The TagGFP2 tag enables assessment of viral infectivity and allows FACS sorting of the highest expressing cells.
Application
Research Category
Stem Cell Research
Neuroscience
Preparation Note
Storage and Handling
Lentivirus is stable for at least 6 months when stored at -80°C. After first thaw, place immediately on ice and store in working aliquots to avoid further freeze thaws. Avoid freeze thaws as this will result in a decrease in the virus titer.
Important Safety Note:
• Replication-defective lentiviral vectors are not known to cause any diseases in humans or animals. However, lentiviruses can integrate into the host cell genome and thus pose some risk of insertional mutagenesis.
• Wear gloves when using this product. Avoid skin contact or ingestion of all reagents and chemicals used in this protocol.
• Lentivirus is a risk group 2 and should be handled under approved Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) controls.
Analysis Note
The packaged lentivector constructs are provided as frozen VSV-G pseudotyped viral particles. The titer (ifus/ml) is defined by SBI’s Global UltraRapid Lentiviral Titer Kit (Cat. # LV961A-1) in HT1080 cells transduced by the packaged constructs.
Other Notes
APPSL-GFP Alzheimer’s Lentivirus: (Part No. CS222734) One (1) vial containing 15 µL of high titer lentiviral particles. Store at -80°C.
Note: For exact viral titer, refer to the label on the vial.
Legal Information
Alzheimer′s in a Dish is a trademark of The General Hospital Corporation
