Miltenyi, 130-093-868, Human GM-CSF, premium grade

Biological activity

Background information
GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor, which is essential for proliferation and development of granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage progenitors. It also functions as a growth factor for erythroid and megakaryocytic precursor cells in conjunction with erythropoietin. GM-CSF is secreted by various cell types including T cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to inflammatory stimuli and cytokines. In addition, GM-CSF is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils and enhances the effector functions of neutrophils and macrophages.

Quality description
Research-grade cytokines are suitable for a wide variety of cell culture applications. They are sterile-filtered prior to lyophilization. Generally, endotoxin levels are <0.1 ng/μg (<1 EU/μg), and purities are >95%. The biological activity is tested in appropriate bioassays.
Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/μg (<0.1 EU/μg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific activities are stated in the Certificate of Analysis (www. miltenyibiotec.com/certificates).

Overview
Recombinant human GM-CSF induces the differentiation of granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. The hematopoietic cytokine is a crucial part of the immune/inflammatory path and serves as both a survival and activation signal for mature myeloid cells. The recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been developed for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.