Miltenyi, 130-094-014, Human TNF-α, premium grade

Biological activity

Background information
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by activated monocytes and macrophages in response to infection, injury, and tumor burden. TNF-α production has also been reported for a variety of other cell types involved in inflammatory responses, including T cells, NK cells, and neutrophils as well as a number of non-immune cells, such as keratinocytes and astrocytes. TNF-α has a broad spectrum of biological activities. In addition to its central role in inflammation, TNF-α is noted for its cytotoxic and tumoricidal abilities either by necrosis or induction of apoptosis. Further functions include antiviral activity, growth modulation, and induction of cellular differentiation. Despite its various beneficial actions, TNF-α also plays a detrimental role in, for example, septic shock syndrome, tissue injury, inflammation, cachexia, and diabetes.

Quality description
Premium-grade cytokines offer the convenience of high and well-defined biological activities and allow exact unit dosing for demanding applications. The biological activity is determined after lyophilization and reconstitution, and normalized to WHO/NIBSC standards whenever available. In general, endotoxin levels are <0.01 ng/μg (<0.1 EU/μg), and purities are >97%. Lot-specific activities are stated in the Certificate of Analysis (www.miltenyibiotec.com/certificates).

Overview
TNF-α stands for tumor necrosis factor α, also termed TNFSF2 (TNF ligand superfamily member 2). Human TNF-α is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays.