Miltenyi, 130-105-776, Human GDF-11, research grade

Biological activity

Background information
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), belongs to the GDF family and BMP family, which are part of the TGF-beta superfamily. As many other family members, GDF-11 is a homodimer released as inactive precursor and cleaved by extracellular proteases to an active mature form. GDF-11 is involved in the embryonic development of several types of tissues, including neural development of olphactory and retinal tissues, and mesodermal formation, such as the control of skeletal muscle stem cell function and cardiomyocyte proliferation. GDF-11 shares sequence homology and functionality with myostatin, another GDF protein involved in the control of neural and muscular growth. Human GDF-11 shares 100% sequence homology with rodent GDF-11, and fully cross-reacts with mouse and rat cells.

Quality description
Research-grade cytokines are suitable for a wide variety of cell culture applications. They are sterile-filtered prior to lyophilization. Generally, endotoxin levels are <0.1 ng/μg (<1 EU/μg), and purities are >95%. The biological activity is tested in appropriate bioassays.

Overview
GDF-11 stands for growth differentiation factor 11. Human GDF-11 is a recombinant protein optimized for use in cell culture, differentiation studies, and functional assays. Human GDF-11 cross reacts with mouse and rat cells.