Stemcell, 100-0884, Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (Sodium Salt)

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous hydrophilic bile and exhibits both anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties (Keene et al.; Yoon et al.). It protects against cell death by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibiting caspase activation and the production of oxygen radicals, and modulating the unfolded protein response (Vang et al.; Yoon et al.).

DISEASE MODELING

· Decreases both striatal atrophy and apoptosis in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease (Keene et al.).

· Blocks apoptotic events such as Bax translocation to mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation (Vang et al.).