Description
Key facts
CAS number:18000-24-3,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:223.61 Da,
Molecular formula:C10H6ClNO3,
PubChem:1884,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in 1 eq. NaOH to 100 mMSoluble in DMSO to 100 mM,
Biochemical name:7-Chlorokynurenic acid,
Biological description:Potent NMDA receptor glycine site antagonist. Water-soluble form available - please see 7-Chlorokynurenic acid sodium salt (ab120255).,
Canonical smiles:C1=CC2=C(C=C1Cl)NC(=CC2=O)C(=O)O,
InChi:InChI=1S/C10H6ClNO3/c11-5-1-2-6-7(3-5)12-8(10(14)15)4-9(6)13/h1-4H,(H,12,13)(H,14,15),
InChiKey:UAWVRVFHMOSAPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:7-chloro-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits including NMDAR2A NMDAR2B GluN2C and NMDAR1 play a central role in synaptic signaling in the central nervous system. These subunits combine to form heterotetrameric NMDA receptors also known as NMDARs. The NMDA receptor complex allows for the passage of calcium ions across the neuronal membrane in response to glutamate binding. This process is important for synaptic plasticity and memory function. Glutamate receptors often express in neuronal tissue with alternate subtypes such as AMPA receptors including Glutamate Receptor 1 and Glutamate receptor 3/GluA3 also participating in synaptic transmission. Within the scope of this topic important subunits encompass GluA4 GluN2C NMDAR3A and 3B all with roles in neurotransmission.
Biological function summary
These receptors integrate into complexes that facilitate excitatory postsynaptic potentials. They modulate neuron excitability and contribute to long-term potentiation—a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. NMDA receptors along with AMPA subtypes assemble at synaptic junctions allowing them to respond rapidly to neurotransmitter release. Their assembly and location permit precise control over neuronal communication. Across different tissues 15-Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) although not part of the glutamate receptor family may influence signals through its enzymatic activity affecting inflammatory processes.
Pathways
Glutamate receptors participate actively in the excitatory neurotransmission pathway and neuroplasticity-related signaling cascades. Their functionality connects closely to the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) pathway which amplifies synaptic transmission. These receptors also interact functionally with proteins like PSD-95 a postsynaptic density protein that organizes signaling molecules at synapses. Such protein-protein associations ensure that neuronal responses remain finely tuned enabling precise memory and learning processes.
Abnormal functioning of NMDA and related glutamate receptors associates with neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Excessive receptor activity may lead to excitotoxicity damaging neurons and exacerbating such disorders. Pathological changes often relate to proteins like tau and amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's where glutamate receptor dysregulation contributes to synaptic loss. In epilepsy altered NMDA receptor activity influences convulsive thresholds and seizure occurrences. Understanding these interactions opens pathways for potential therapeutic interventions targeting receptor modulation.
