Description
Key facts
CAS number:606-59-7,
Purity:>98%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:300.22 Da,
Molecular formula:C14H8N2O6,
PubChem:114918,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in DMSO to 25 mM (requires warming),
Biochemical name:Cinnabarinic acid,
Biological description:Endogenous selective mGlu4 agonist; generated by autoxidation of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Activates mGlu4 receptors in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, and is devoid of activity on other mGlu receptor subtypes (mGlu1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Protects against NMDA-induced excitotoxic cell death.,
Canonical smiles:C1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=CC(=O)C(=C(C3=N2)C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O,
InChi:InChI=1S/C14H8N2O6/c15-10-6(17)4-8-12(9(10)14(20)21)16-11-5(13(18)19)2-1-3-7(11)22-8/h1-4H,15H2,(H,18,19)(H,20,21),
InChiKey:FSBKJYLVDRVPTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:2-amino-3-oxophenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxylic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase (IDO) also known as IDO1 is an enzyme involved in the catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. It weighs approximately 45 kDa and it is an important target in immunoregulatory processes. IDO is highly expressed in antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages as well as in various tumor cells where it helps modulate immune responses. This enzyme can also be measured by using assays like IDO ELISA.
Biological function summary
IDO plays a role in immune response regulation by degrading tryptophan an essential amino acid needed for T-cell proliferation. The depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of its metabolites such as kynurenine cause immunosuppressive effects within the tissue microenvironment. While IDO functions mostly as a standalone enzyme its activity influences the cellular surroundings by altering the balance of local immune reactions.
Pathways
IDO integrates into the tryptophan metabolism pathway and is important in the kynurenine pathway. Through this pathway it maintains immune homeostasis and cell defense mechanisms. Proteins like kynureninase and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase also participate in the same metabolic processes which further extend the effects of tryptophan metabolism on immune cell behavior.
IDO is linked with cancer and chronic inflammatory conditions. In cancer elevated IDO expression suppresses anti-tumor immunity aiding tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. It also plays a role in autoimmune disorders by regulating excessive immune activity. During cancer progression IDO often works in conjunction with immune checkpoint proteins like PD-L1 which further enhances its immunosuppressive capabilities within the tumor microenvironment.
