Description
Key facts
Purity:>98% SDS-PAGE,
Endotoxin level:< 1 EU/µg,
Expression system:HEK 293 cells,
Tags:His tag C-Terminus,
Applications:SDS-PAGE, HPLC, FuncSSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Biologically active:Yes,
Biological activity:Immobilized ab167713 on Anti-His Tag (C-term) Antibody, precoated (0.1 μg/well) plate, binds Human PD-1, Mouse IgG2a Fc Tag (HPLC-verified), at 5 μg/mL (100 μL/well) with a linear range of 10-78 ng/mL.,
Accession:Q9NZQ7,
Animal free:No,
Carrier free:No,
Species:Human,
Reconstitution:Reconstitute with sterile deionized water to a concentration of 400 µg/ml.,
Storage buffer:pH: 7.4Constituents: PBS, 5% Trehalose
Product details:
For a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody to PD-L1 in IHC usage and KO validated,
ab205921
(clone 28-8)
For a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody to PD-L1 in WB and ICC/IF usage, -
ab174838
(clone EPR1161(2))
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage duration-1-2 weeks, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Aliquoting information-Upon delivery aliquot, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
PD-L1 also known as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 or CD274 is a protein involved in immune modulation. Mechanically PD-L1 interacts with its receptors particularly PD-1 to regulate cellular immune responses. This transmembrane protein has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 33 kDa. PD-L1 is expressed on various cell types including tumor cells and immune cells such as dendritic cells macrophages and B cells. Its expression is often upregulated in response to inflammatory cytokines.
Biological function summary
PD-L1 plays a central role in immune evasion mechanisms utilized by tumors. It is not part of a larger protein complex but directly interacts with PD-1 and CD80. When PD-L1 binds to PD-1 it sends inhibitory signals leading to decreased T cell activation and proliferation allowing cancer cells to avoid immune destruction. PD-L1 expression provides a mechanism for tumors to suppress immune surveillance facilitating tumor progression.
Pathways
PD-L1 is integral to the immune checkpoint pathway which is an important regulator of immune response. The interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 provides a mechanism for immune tolerance which is part of the broader adaptive immune system pathway. PD-L1 is related to other immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 in its function to limit autoreactivity and promote immune homeostasis.
PD-L1 is most associated with cancer particularly in tumors such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells often correlates with poor prognosis. PD-L1 directly interacts with PD-1 in these cancers a target for immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors which aim to block this interaction and restore immune activity against tumors. PD-L1 involvement extends to autoimmune disorders where altered expression can impact tolerance and lead to immune-related tissue damage.
