Description
Key facts
Purity:>95% SDS-PAGE,
Endotoxin level:< 0.1 EU/g,
Expression system:HEK 293 cells,
Tags:Fc tag C-Terminus,
Applications:HPLC, SDS-PAGE, FuncSSee reactivity dataSee the reactivity data table below for information on validated species and application combinations.,
Biologically active:Yes,
Biological activity:Immobilized Human PD-L1, His Tag at 1 μg/mL ( 100 μL/well ) can bind ab221398 with a linear range of 0.1-3 ng/mL.,
Accession:Q15116,
Animal free:No,
Carrier free:No,
Species:Human,
Reconstitution:Reconstitute at 400 µg/mL in water,
Storage buffer:pH: 7.4Constituents: PBS, 5% Trehalose
Product details:
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is also known as CD279 and PDCD1, is a type I membrane protein and is a member of the extended CD28/CTLA-4 family of T cell regulators. PDCD1 is expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, myeloid cells and a subset of thymocytes. PD-1 has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are members of the B7 family. PD-L1 is expressed on almost all murine tumor cell lines, including PA1 myeloma, P815 mastocytoma, and B16 melanoma upon treatment with IFN-γ. PD-L2 expression is more restricted and is expressed mainly by DCs and a few tumor lines. PD1 inhibits the T-cell proliferation and production of related cytokines including IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ by suppressing the activation and transduction of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coligation of PD1 inhibits BCR-mediating signal by dephosphorylating key signal transducer. In vitro, treatment of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells with PD-L1-Ig results in reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 that boost the immune system are being developed for the treatment of cancer.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--80°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--80°C, Storage information-Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
PD1 also known as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 or PDCD1 is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses. It has a mass of approximately 55 kDa. PD1 is expressed on the surface of T cells B cells and some myeloid cells. PD1's expression increases upon activation of these immune cells assisting in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Researchers often use PD1 mouse models and chimeric antibodies to explore the function of PD1 for experimental purposes. Antibodies such as anti-PD1 such as EH12.2H7 help in blocking PD1 interaction to study its role further.
Biological function summary
PD1 serves as an inhibitory receptor acting as a checkpoint in the immune system. It becomes part of an immune-suppressive complex when it binds with its ligands PD-L1 or PD-L2 which are expressed on various cell types including some tumor cells. This interaction suppresses the proliferation of T cells and cytokine production contributing to immune homeostasis. By controlling T cell activity PD1 limits autoimmunity but can also reduce the immune system's capability to attack cancer cells.
Pathways
PD1 functions in the immune checkpoint pathway a critical regulatory circuit in immune regulation. The engagement of PD1 with its ligands initiates a cascade that inhibits the function and proliferation of T cells through downstream SHP-2 phosphatase activity. This pathway frequently involves other regulatory proteins like CTLA-4 and is an important mechanism by which the body modulates immune responses. Related pathways often intersect with those involving T cell receptor signaling and contribute to the overall modulation of immune activity.
PD1 has a significant role in cancer and autoimmune disorders. PD1 expression can allow tumors to evade immune surveillance making PD1 a target for cancer therapies such as anti-PD1 antibodies which aim to block PD1 and restore T cell activity. The interaction of PD1 with cancer-related proteins like PD-L1 facilitates tumor immune evasion. In autoimmune disorders PD1's regulation of immune balance can become dysregulated leading to persistent immune activation and tissue damage. Understanding PD1 and its interaction with proteins such as PD-L1 helps in developing therapeutic strategies for both cancer and autoimmune conditions.
