Description
Key facts
CAS number:1402836-58-1,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:282.4 Da,
Molecular formula:C18H22N2O,
PubChem:66558287,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Ethanol = 106.23 mM (30 mg/ml)DMSO = 53.11 mM (15 mg/ml)(warmed),
Biochemical name:1-cyclohexyl-2-(5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindol-5-yl)ethanol,
Biological description:NLG919 is a potent indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor (Ki = 7 nM; EC50 = 75 nM) in cell-free assays. It inhibits IDO-induced T cell suppression and restores T cell response during allogenic mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro (ED50 = 80 and 120 nM, respectively). NLG919 promotes a 95% reduction in tumor volume in vivo when administered in conjunction with a pmel-1 T cell vaccine. NLG919 overcomes IDO-induced suppression of antigen-specific T-cells in in vitro models.,
Canonical smiles:C1CCC(CC1)C(CC2C3=CC=CC=C3C4=CN=CN24)O,
InChi:InChI=1S/C18H22N2O/c21-18(13-6-2-1-3-7-13)10-16-14-8-4-5-9-15(14)17-11-19-12-20(16)17/h4-5,8-9,11-13,16,18,21H,1-3,6-7,10H2,
InChiKey:YTRRAUACYORZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:1-cyclohexyl-2-(5H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindol-5-yl)ethanol
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Indoleamine 23-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 23-dioxygenase (TDO) are enzymes that catalyze the first step in tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway. TDO also known as TDO2 has a mass of about 57 kDa and is expressed heavily in the liver and some other tissues including the brain. IDO usually expresses more widely in various tissues including the placenta and cells involved in immune responses. Both enzymes share the function of oxidizing tryptophan an important amino acid into N-formylkynurenine.
Biological function summary
IDO and TDO participate in regulating immune tolerance. They influence immune responses by reducing tryptophan levels and producing metabolites that affect T-cell function. This regulation is important in preventing overactive immune responses such as autoimmunity and facilitating tolerance during pregnancy. Neither enzyme acts alone; they work within larger metabolic networks that influence several physiological processes notably the maintenance of immune balance.
Pathways
IDO and TDO mark their importance in the kynurenine pathway an important segment in tryptophan metabolism involving several intermediate products. This pathway impacts niacin biosynthesis and the generation of bioactive metabolites that have far-reaching effects on neurobiology and immune functions. A related protein is NLGP1 (N-Limited Kynureinamidase Gene Product 1) which interacts with kynurenine products playing a part in the regulation of metabolic flow through this pathway.
Both IDO and TDO play significant roles in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer increased IDO expression allows tumors to evade immune detection by inhibiting T-cell activity and inhibitors of IDO such as IDO-specific compounds are under exploration as therapeutic strategies. In contrast abnormal activity of TDO and the resulting kynurenine pathway metabolites have associations with psychiatric disorders like depression. These enzymes' dysregulation connects to altered immune responses and subsequently disease progression highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets.
