Description
Cancer can develop when cells escape normal growth control mechanisms through mutations in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. A characteristic of most oncogene and tumor suppressor gene products is that they are components of signal transduction pathways that are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), also known as MMAC1 (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1), is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated at high frequency in multiple tumor types. The protein encoded by PTEN is a phosphatase that preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It is believed that a mechanism by which PTEN mutations cause tumors is the loss of its negative control on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and survival. PTEN also plays a role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. The A2B1 monoclonal antibody recognizes PTEN, regardless of phosphorylation status.
Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647 under optimum conditions, and unreacted Alexa Fluor® 647 was removed.
1. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
2. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
3. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
4. The Alexa Fluor®, Pacific Blue™, and Cascade Blue® dye antibody conjugates in this product are sold under license from Molecular Probes, Inc. for research use only, excluding use in combination with microarrays, or as analyte specific reagents. The Alexa Fluor® dyes (except for Alexa Fluor® 430), Pacific Blue™ dye, and Cascade Blue® dye are covered by pending and issued patents.
5. Alexa Fluor® 647 fluorochrome emission is collected at the same instrument settings as for allophycocyanin (APC).
6. Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
7. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
8. This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
9. Species cross-reactivity detected in product development may not have been confirmed on every format and/or application.
10. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
