Description
Chromogranin A (CGA) is a member of the granin family of regulated secretory proteins that are found in secretory granules in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and released in response to extracellular stimulation. Intracellularly, granins are important for targeting peptide hormones and neurotransmitters by their ability to aggregate in the low pH, high calcium environment of the trans-Golgi network. Extracellularly, peptides formed from proteolytic processing of granins regulate hormone secretion. CGA is a prohormone that can be cleaved into several biologically active peptides, such as pancreastatin, β-granin, vasostatin, catestatin, and parastatin. β-granin is an N-terminal fragment of CGA, while pancreastatin and catestatin are processed from the central region of CGA. Cells of the adrenal medulla, anterior pituitary, cerebral cortex as well as beta cells of the pancreas and a variety of tumor cell lines express CGA. The expression of CGA can be used to monitor the pancreatic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
Store undiluted at 4°C. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography.
1. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
3. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
4. Sodium azide is a reversible inhibitor of oxidative metabolism; therefore, antibody preparations containing this preservative agent must not be used in cell cultures nor injected into animals. Sodium azide may be removed by washing stained cells or plate-bound antibody or dialyzing soluble antibody in sodium azide-free buffer. Since endotoxin may also affect the results of functional studies, we recommend the NA/LE (No Azide/Low Endotoxin) antibody format, if available, for in vitro and in vivo use.
5. Triton is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company.
6. Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
7. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
8. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
