Description
The TS2/16 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes CD29 which is also known as Integrin beta-1 (Integrin β1 or β1 Integrin), Glycoprotein IIa (GPIIA), Very late activation protein beta (VLA-beta; VLAB), and Fibronectin receptor subunit beta (FNRB). CD29 is an ~130 kDa single pass type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is encoded by ITGB1 (Integrin subunit beta 1). β1 integrins constitute the largest subgroup of integrins as they form noncovalent heterodimeric complexes with at least 12 different alpha integrin (Integrin α) subunits. These heterodimeric β1 integrins mediate a variety of interactions between cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix that are involved in cellular signaling, growth, survival, adhesion, and migration. The family of heterodimeric β1 integrins includes receptors for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, and some microbial ligands. The β1 integrin subunit is widely expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including T and B cells, dendritic cells (DC), NK cells, monocytes and macrophages, granulocytes, as well as mast cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and stem cells. Platelets express high levels of CD29 (β1 integrin) and may be bound to leucocytes from human blood. Gating out cells expressing the platelet marker CD41a will avoid attributing platelet CD29 (β1 integrin) expression to attached leucocytes. The TS2/16 antibody is reportedly useful for multiple applications including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and functional studies.
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cell and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions and unconjugated antibody and free dye were removed. Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. APC-Cy7 is a tandem fluorochrome composed of Allophycocyanin (APC), which is excited by laser lines between 595 and 647 nm and serves as an energy donor, coupled to the cyanine dye Cy7™, which acts as an energy acceptor and fluoresces at 780 nm. BD Biosciences Pharmingen has maximized the fluorochrome energy transfer in APC-Cy7, thus maximizing its fluorescence emission intensity, minimizing residual emission from APC, and minimizing required electronic compensation in multilaser-laser flow cytometry systems. Note: Although every effort is made to minimize the lot-to-lot variation in residual emission from APC, it is strongly recommended that every lot be tested for differences in the amount of compensation required and that individual compensation controls are run for each APC-Cy7 conjugate.
3. APC-Cy7 tandem fluorochrome emission is collected in a detector for fluorescence wavelengths of 750 nm and higher.
4. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
5. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
6. This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
7. Please observe the following precautions: We recommend that special precautions be taken (such as wrapping vials, tubes, or racks in aluminum foil) to protect exposure of conjugated reagents, including cells stained with those reagents, to any room illumination. Absorption of visible light can significantly affect the emission spectra and quantum yield of tandem fluorochrome conjugates.
8. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
9. Warning: Some APC-Cy7 and PE-Cy7 conjugates show changes in their emission spectrum with prolonged exposure to formaldehyde. If you are unable to analyze fixed samples within four hours, we recommend that you use BD™ Stabilizing Fixative (Cat. No. 338036).
10. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
11. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
12. Cy is a trademark of Global Life Sciences Solutions Germany GmbH or an affiliate doing business as Cytiva.
13. For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
