Chromogranin A (CGA) is a member of the granin family of regulated secretory proteins that are found in secretory granules in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and released in response to extracellular stimulation. Intracellularly, granins are important for targeting peptide hormones and neurotransmitters by their ability to aggregate in the low pH, high calcium environment of the trans-Golgi network. Extracellularly, peptides formed from proteolytic processing of granins regulate hormone secretion. CGA is a prohormone that can be cleaved into several biologically active peptides, such as pancreastatin, β-granin, vasostatin, catestatin, and parastatin. β-granin is an N-terminal fragment of CGA, while pancreastatin and catestatin are processed from the central region of CGA. Cells of the adrenal medulla, anterior pituitary, cerebral cortex as well as beta cells of the pancreas and a variety of tumor cell lines express CGA. The expression of CGA can be used to monitor the pancreatic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated to the dye under optimum conditions and unreacted dye was removed. Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
1. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
2. This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
3. An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
6. Human donor specific background has been observed in relation to the presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies, developed as a result of certain vaccines containing PEG, including some COVID-19 vaccines. We recommend use of BD Horizon Brilliant™ Stain Buffer in your experiments to help mitigate potential background. For more information visit https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/support/product-notices.
7. Please refer to http://regdocs.bd.com to access safety data sheets (SDS).
8. This product is provided under an Agreement between BIOTIUM and BD Biosciences. This product, and only in the amount purchased by buyer, may be used solely for buyer’s own internal research, in a manner consistent with the accompanying product literature. No other right to use, sell or otherwise transfer (a) this product, or (b) its components is hereby granted expressly, by implication or by estoppel. This product is for research use only. Diagnostic uses require a separate license from Biotium, Inc. For information on purchasing a license to this product including for purposes other than research, contact Biotium, Inc., 3159 Corporate Place, Hayward, CA 94545, Tel: (510) 265-1027. Fax: (510) 265-1352. Email:
[email protected].
9. Alexa Fluor™ is a trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
10. For U.S. patents that may apply, see bd.com/patents.
