Description
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that colocalizes with integrins in focal adhesions. This cellular localization is directed by a 125 amino acid sequence at the C-terminus called "Focal Adhesion Targeting" sequence (FAT). The binding of extracellular matrix ligands to integrins triggers autophosphorylation at Tyr-397, and activation of FAK through phosphorylation of Tyr residues (Tyr-576 and Tyr-577) in the kinase domain activation loop. For example, cell adhesion to a fibronectin substratum involves concurrent activation of Src and phosphorylation of the FAK activation loop. In addition, phosphorylation of other Tyr residues (Tyr-925 and Tyr-861) creates binding sites for SH2 domains of intracellular signaling molecules such as Src, PI3 kinase, and Grb2. FAK's ability to bind numerous structural and signaling proteins via a variety of interactions is important for FAK activation level and for FAK interaction with a variety of substrates localized to sites of cell adhesion. Thus, FAK activity is regulated by a complex set of phosphorylation sites, and this phospho-regulation could be important for cell motility, cell growth, cytoskeletal organization and adhesion-dependent cell survival.
Bioimaging 1. Seed the cells in appropriate culture medium at ~10,000 cells per well in a BD Falcon™ 96-well Imaging Plate (Cat. No. 353219) and culture overnight. 2. Remove the culture medium from the wells, and fix the cells by adding 100 μl of BD Cytofix™ Fixation Buffer (Cat. No. 554655) to each well. Incubate for 10 minutes at room temperature (RT). 3. Remove the fixative from the wells, and permeabilize the cells using either BD Perm Buffer III, 90% methanol, or Triton™ X-100: a. Add 100 μl of -20°C 90% methanol or Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050) to each well and incubate for 5 minutes at RT. OR b. Add 100 μl of 0.1% Triton™ X-100 to each well and incubate for 5 minutes at RT. 4. Remove the permeabilization buffer, and wash the wells twice with 100 μl of 1× PBS. 5. Remove the PBS, and block the cells by adding 100 μl of BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (FBS) (Cat. No. 554656) to each well. Incubate for 30 minutes at RT. 6. Remove the blocking buffer and add 50 μl of the optimally titrated primary antibody (diluted in Stain Buffer) to each well, and incubate for 1 hour at RT. 7. Remove the primary antibody, and wash the wells three times with 100 μl of 1× PBS. 8. Remove the PBS, and add the second step reagent at its optimally titrated concentration in 50 μl to each well, and incubate in the dark for 1 hour at RT. 9. Remove the second step reagent, and wash the wells three times with 100 μl of 1× PBS. 10. Remove the PBS, and counter-stain the nuclei by adding 200 μl per well of 2 μg/ml Hoechst 33342 (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. B2261) in 1× PBS to each well at least 15 minutes before imaging. 11. View and analyze the cells on an appropriate imaging instrument. Bioimaging: For more detailed information please refer to http://www.bdbiosciences.com/support/resources/protocols/ceritifed_reagents.jsp Western blot: For more detailed information please refer to http://www.bdbiosciences.com/pharmingen/protocols/Western_Blotting.shtml
Store undiluted at -20°C. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography.
1. Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
3. This antibody has been developed and certified for the bioimaging application. However, a routine bioimaging test is not performed on every lot. Researchers are encouraged to titrate the reagent for optimal performance.
4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
5. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
6. Triton is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company.
