General description
The Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) is a colorimetric assay for the nonradioactive quantification of cellular proliferation, viability, and cytotoxicity. Sample material is either adherent or suspension cells cultured in 96-well microplates.
Colorimetric assays analyze the number of viable cells by the cleavage of tetrazolium salts added to the culture medium. This technique requires neither washing nor harvesting of cells, and the complete assay, from microculture to data analysis by an ELISA reader, is performed in the same microplate.
More recently, the tetrazolium salt XTT was described. In contrast to MTT, the cleavage product of XTT is soluble in water; therefore, a solubilization step is not required. The tetrazolium salt XTT is cleaved to formazan by a complex cellular mechanism. This bioreduction occurs in viable cells only, and is related to NAD(P)H production through glycolysis. Therefore, the amount of formazan dye formed directly correlates to the number of metabolically active cells in the culture.
Application
The Cell Proliferation Kit II (XTT) is used for the nonradioactive, spectrophotometric quantification of cell proliferation and viability in cell populations using the 96-well-plate format. It can be used for:
Measurement of cell proliferation in response to growth factors, cytokines, mitogens, and nutrients.
Analysis of cytotoxic and cytostatic compounds, such as anti-cancer drugs and other pharmaceutical compounds.
Assessment of growth-inhibitory antibodies and physiological mediators that inhibit cell growth.
Testing of biocompatibility of various scaffolds, employed in bone tissue engineering, for bone cell growth.
cell viability assay.
Biochem/physiol Actions
The assay is based on the cleavage of the tetrazolium salt XTT in the presence of an electron-coupling reagent, producing a soluble formazan salt. This conversion only occurs in viable cells. Cells grown in a 96-well tissue culture plate are incubated with the XTT labeling mixture for 2 - 20 hours. After this incubation period, the formazan dye formed is quantitated using a scanning multi-well spectrophotometer (ELISA reader). The measured absorbance directly correlates to the number of viable cells.
Cell proliferation and viability assays are of particular importance for routine applications in cell biology. Tetrazolium salts (e.g., MTT, XTT, WST-1) are particularly useful for this type of analysis. Tetrazolium salts are cleaved to formazan by the succinate-tetrazolium reductase system (EC 1.3.99.1) which belongs to the respiratory chain of the mitochondria, and is only active in metabolically intact cells.
Features and Benefits
Safe and easy: Eliminate radioactive isotopes, washing steps, and additional reagents.
Accurate: The absorbance obtained strongly correlates to the cell number.
Sensitive: Detect low cell numbers.
Fast: Process a large number of samples using a multi-well ELISA reader.
Packaging
1 kit containing 2 components.
Preparation Note
Working solution: Preparation of solutions
Thaw XTT labeling reagent and electron-coupling reagent, respectively in a water bath at 37 °C. Mix each vial thoroughly to obtain a clear solution.
XTT labeling mixture
To perform a cell proliferation assay (XTT) with one microplate (96 wells) mix 5 ml XTT labeling reagent with 0.1 ml electron coupling reagent.
Note: To obtain reliable results thaw and mix XTT labeling reagent and electron coupling reagent immediately before use.
Working instruction
Cells are grown in microplates (tissue culture grade, 96 wells, flat bottom) in a final volume of 100 μl culture medium per well, according to the media needs of the cells in a humidified atmosphere (e.g., 37 °C, 6.5% CO₂).
The incubation period of the cell cultures depends on the particular experimental approach and on the cell line, used for the assay. For most experimental setups, the incubation of cells for 24 to 96 hours is appropriate.
After the incubation period, add to each well 50 μl of the XTT labeling mixture, prepared as described above (final XTT concentration 0.3 mg/ml).
Incubate the microplate for 4 to 24 hours in a humidified atmosphere (e.g., 37 °C, 6.5% CO₂).
Note: The incubation time varies with the individual experimental setup (e.g., cell type and cell concentration, used). Therefore, we recommend to measure the absorption as described at different time points after addition of XTT labeling mixture (e.g., 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 hours) using one and the same microplate to determine the optimal incubation period for the particular experimental setup.
Storage conditions (working solution): Thaw reagents immediately before use. It is recommended to prepare appropriate aliquots [5 ml XTT labeling reagent and 0.1 ml electron coupling reagent are required for the performance of the assay with one microplate (96 wells)]
Note: Avoid repeated thawing and freezing.
Other Notes
For life science research only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
