Description
General description
GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is a part of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily. This gene resides in human chromosomal locus 19p12.1-13.1, and contains two exons. The pro-protein is a dimer containing a disulfide linkage which undergoes cleavage at RXXR sequence, by furin-like protease. The mature protein is a C-terminal dimer composed of 112 amino acids.
Immunogen
Growth/differentiation factor 15 precursor recombinant protein epitope signature tag (PrEST)
Application
All Prestige Antibodies Powered by Atlas Antibodies are developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project and as a result, are supported by the most extensive characterization in the industry.
The Human Protein Atlas project can be subdivided into three efforts: Human Tissue Atlas, Cancer Atlas, and Human Cell Atlas. The antibodies that have been generated in support of the Tissue and Cancer Atlas projects have been tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues and through the recent efforts of the Human Cell Atlas project, many have been characterized by immunofluorescence to map the human proteome not only at the tissue level but now at the subcellular level. These images and the collection of this vast data set can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. We also provide Prestige Antibodies® protocols and other useful information.
Anti-GDF15 antibody produced in rabbit, a Prestige Antibody, is developed and validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project . Each antibody is tested by immunohistochemistry against hundreds of normal and disease tissues. These images can be viewed on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) site by clicking on the Image Gallery link. The antibodies are also tested using immunofluorescence and western blotting. To view these protocols and other useful information about Prestige Antibodies and the HPA, visit sigma.com/prestige.
Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below.
Immunoprecipitation (1 paper)
Western Blotting (1 paper)
Biochem/physiol Actions
GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) is released in response to stress such as, inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia, from multiple tissues, such as heart and liver. Studies show that it is responsible for the down-regulation of microRNAs of muscles, leading to intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and related muscle atrophy. It also controls the developmental processes underlying embryogenesis, osteogenesis, and hematopoiesis. It also regulates adipose tissue function, cartilage and bone synthesis and immune response. It is involved in tissue injury and repair processes. It is up-regulated in melanoma, thyroid, breast, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, prostate and colorectal cancer. It is involved in tumorigenesis, and abnormal expression is related to poor prognosis in various cancers. It is a biomarker for multiple epithelial cancers such as, renal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, ovary and colon. In glioblastomas, it acts as a tumor suppressor gene and induces apoptosis.
Features and Benefits
Prestige Antibodies® are highly characterized and extensively validated antibodies with the added benefit of all available characterization data for each target being accessible via the Human Protein Atlas portal linked just below the product name at the top of this page. The uniqueness and low cross-reactivity of the Prestige Antibodies® to other proteins are due to a thorough selection of antigen regions, affinity purification, and stringent selection. Prestige antigen controls are available for every corresponding Prestige Antibody and can be found in the linkage section.
Every Prestige Antibody is tested in the following ways:
IHC tissue array of 44 normal human tissues and 20 of the most common cancer type tissues.
Protein array of 364 human recombinant protein fragments.
Physical form
Solution in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 40% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide
Other Notes
Corresponding Antigen APREST72494
Legal Information
Prestige Antibodies is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
