General description
Approximately 1 in 11 adults globally has diabetes, leading to 12% of health expenditure being diabetes- related. Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic diseases involving chronic hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin secretion, insulin synthesis, or increased insulin resistance.
Recent advancements in technology have enabled the molecular understanding of diabetes in childhood and in non-obese patients, unveiling the role of single gene defects. These defects, found in genes encoding beta-cell components like potassium channels, glucokinase, transcription factors, and insulin, contribute to 1-5% of all diabetes cases and are characteristic of monogenic diabetes. Insulin gene mutations can lead to various diabetes subtypes by affecting insulin folding, causing retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggering ER stress, beta-cell death, and impairing insulin-insulin receptor (IR) interaction.
Source
The GRINCH cell line was derived from INS-1 cells. The INS-1 cell line was derived from x-ray induced insulinoma in rats.
References
1. Trikkalinou A, Papazafiropoulou AK, Melidonis A. 2017. Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World Journal of Diabetes. 8(4):120.
2. Yang Y, Chan L. 2016. Monogenic Diabetes: What It Teaches Us on the Common Forms of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrine Reviews. 37(3):190–222.
3. Haataja L, Snapp EL, Wright JJ, Li M, Hardy A, Wheeler MB, Markwardt ML, Rizzo MA, Arvan P. 2013. Proinsulin Intermolecular Interactions during Secretory Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells. 288(3):1896–1906.
GRINCH (Glucose-Responsive Insulin-secreting C-peptide modified Human proinsulin) is a rat insulinoma cell line derived from the INS-1 cell line. INS-1 cells were transfected with the hPro-CpepSfGFP construct containing the human insulin sequence with a C-peptide modified with a C-terminal superfolder GFP insert. The GRINCH cell line exhibits efficient glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, making it a good model to study insulin secretion regulation and pancreatic β-cell function. The fluorescent C-peptide is co-stored and co-secreted with human insulin, allowing the tracking and quantification of insulin biosynthesis in real time.
GRINCH cells express human insulin with a C-peptide GFP tag?.
Application
Each vial contains > 1 X106 viable cells.
Cells are tested negative for infectious diseases by Essential CLEAR Panel by Charles River Animal Diagnostic Services.
Cells are verified to be of rat origin and negative for interspecies contamination from human, mouse, Chinese hamster, Golden Syrian hamster, and nonhuman primate (NHP) as assessed by a Contamination Clear panel by Charles River Animal Diagnostic Services
Cells are negative for mycoplasma contamination.
Features and Benefits
SCC611, the GRINCH rat insulinoma cell line, is a pancreatic beta cell line transfected with the hPro-CpepSfGFP construct containing the human insulin sequence.
Preparation Note
GRINCH Glucose-Responsive Insulin-secreting C-peptide hProinsulin Rat Insulinoma cells should be stored in liquid nitrogen. The cells can be cultured for at least 10 passages without significantly affecting cell marker expression and function.
Other Notes
Subject to local law, this product is intended to be sold for internal in vitro research use only subject to terms and conditions found here: www.sigmaaldrich.com/restrictedcelluse. This product may not be: re-engineered or copied; used to make derivatives, modifications or functional equivalents; used to obtain patents or other IP claiming use of the product; used to develop, test, or manufacturer a commercial product; used as a component in a commercial product; resold or licensed; used in any clinical applications or trials; or used in humans. A license or limited commercial use agreement is required for use by any for-profit entity, use in services, and use in sponsored academic research. For information regarding any such use, please contact
[email protected].
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
