General description
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (UniProt: P05186; EC:3.1.3.1; also known as AP-TNAP; TNS-ALP, TNSALP, Alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney isozyme, Phosphoamidase, Phosphocreatine phosphatase) is encoded by the ALPL gene (Gene ID: 249) in human. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL/TNAP) belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family, one of the four different isozymes found in most mammalian species (placental (ALPP), germ cell (ALPG), intestinal (ALPI) alkaline phosphatases). ALPL is a ubiquitously expressed ectoenzyme, a glycosylated homodimer anchored to cell membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. ALPL hydrolyzes inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation, into inorganic phosphate (Pi), facilitating matrix mineralization and proper skeletal development. ALPL metabolizes phosphoethanolamine and the dephosphorylation of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), facilitating the production of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Its activity is essential for normal brain development and function, including maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and supporting myelination. Expression of ALPL is highest in bone, liver, and kidney tissues, correlating with its isoforms tailored to these locations. In the liver, TNAP is implicated in bile pH regulation and detoxification of LPS. In the kidneys, TNAP is expressed in proximal tubules and prevents urinary tract calcification by maintaining PPi production. Its activity is also observed in sensory neurons, where it modulates sensory perception. In pathological contexts, mutations in the ALPL gene disrupt its function, leading to hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare metabolic bone disorder characterized by defective mineralization. HPP exhibits a spectrum of severity, from perinatal lethal forms to adult-onset manifestations, including osteomalacia, early tooth loss, and muscle weakness. Emerging evidence suggests ALPL′s involvement in inflammatory modulation and juvenile cell maintenance. It mitigates inflammatory responses in conditions such as sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease by dephosphorylating lipopolysaccharides (LPS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other pro-inflammatory substrates. It contributes to pathological calcification in soft tissues, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular conditions. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our proprietary technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Sekaran, S., et al., (2021), Biomolecules, 11(11), 156)
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed, and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 22 amino acids from the N-terminal of human ALPL.
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in human adrenal tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected ALPL in human adrenal tissue lysate.
Tested Applications
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound with ALPL peptide with at least one billion-fold (1,000,000,000X) higher affinity than with non-specific control peptide.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected ALPL in human adrenal gland tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 1D10 is a ZooMAb® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that detects ALPL. It targets an epitope within 22 amino acids from the N-terminal.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
