Description
Key facts
CAS number:2379-57-9,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:252.14 Da,
Molecular formula:C8H4N4O6,
PubChem:3899541,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in DMSO to 100 mM,
Biochemical name:6,7-Dinitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione,
Biological description:AMPA / kainate antagonist,
Canonical smiles:C1=C2C(=CC(=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])NC(=O)C(=O)N2,
InChi:InChI=1S/C8H4N4O6/c13-7-8(14)10-4-2-6(12(17)18)5(11(15)16)1-3(4)9-7/h1-2H,(H,9,13)(H,10,14),
InChiKey:RWVIMCIPOAXUDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:6,7-dinitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The proteins NMDAR2A NMDAR2B GluN2C NMDAR1 Glutamate Receptor 1 (AMPA subtype) KA1 Ionotropic Glutamate receptor 2 GRIK2/GluK2 GluN2D Glutamate receptor 3/GluA3 NR3A NR3B GRIK3/GluK3 GluK5 GluK1 and GluA4 function as ionotropic glutamate receptors. These receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system by allowing cations to pass into the neuron when activated by glutamate. Commonly these proteins are known as NMDA AMPA and kainate receptors based on their pharmacological properties. The NMDAR subunits like NMDAR1 NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B are known for their high calcium permeability. The receptors are mainly expressed in the brain with their distribution varying across different regions.
Biological function summary
The ionotropic glutamate receptors contribute to synaptic transmission and plasticity essential for learning and memory. These receptors do not work alone but as part of larger receptor complexes at synaptic sites. The NMDA receptors for example are tetrameric assemblies made from different combinations of subunits like GluN1 and GluN2. AMPA receptors including GluA3 and GluA4 rapidly mediate synaptic responses. They play a role in synaptic strengthening a process critical for long-term potentiation (LTP).
Pathways
The ionotropic glutamate receptors participate in various signaling pathways linked to neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. A notable pathway is the calcium signaling pathway where the NMDA receptors contribute significantly. AMPA receptors integrate into the glutamatergic signaling pathway modulating synaptic strength through receptor trafficking. Proteins such as CaMKII and PSD-95 interact with these receptors influencing synaptic plasticity and signal transduction.
These receptors are implicated in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. NMDA receptor dysfunction is frequently associated with excitotoxicity which can lead to neuronal death in Alzheimer’s. Excessive glutamate release and receptor overactivation are linked to epilepsy where ionotropic glutamate receptors play a role in seizure generation and progression. Proteins like tau in Alzheimer’s and voltage-gated ion channels in epilepsy connect to these receptors in the pathological context complicating disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies.
