Description
Key facts
CAS number:131123-76-7,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:258.05 Da,
Molecular formula:C10H5Cl2NO3,
PubChem:1779,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in 1 eq. NaOH to 50 mM,
Biochemical name:5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid,
Biological description:Potent NMDA receptor glycine site antagonist. Water soluble form available - see (ab120254).,
Canonical smiles:C1=C(C=C(C2=C1NC(=CC2=O)C(=O)O)Cl)Cl,
InChi:InChI=1S/C10H5Cl2NO3/c11-4-1-5(12)9-6(2-4)13-7(10(15)16)3-8(9)14/h1-3H,(H,13,14)(H,15,16),
InChiKey:BGKFPRIGXAVYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:5,7-dichloro-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
The target 'Glutamate Receptor' also known by its subtypes like NMDAR2A NMDAR2B GluN2C NMDAR1 and others serves as an essential component in synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are ionotropic meaning they form ion channels and are known for binding to the neurotransmitter glutamate. The GluN2 subunits including GluN2A GluN2B GluN2C and GluN2D contribute to the heteromeric complexes of NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) which have a role in excitatory neurotransmission. The mass of these receptors varies with their subunits generally within the range of 105-180 kDa. They are expressed widely in the brain with each subtype showing distinct patterns of expression in regions like the hippocampus cortex and cerebellum.
Biological function summary
These glutamate receptors play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity which underpins learning and memory. Within synaptic complexes NMDARs form associations with scaffolding proteins and signal transduction molecules facilitating cellular responses to activity. The AMPA-type glutamate receptors including Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluA1) and Glutamate Receptor 3 (GluA3) collaborate with NMDARs in synaptic transmission by controlling the fast component of excitatory postsynaptic currents. These interactions enable the receptors to modulate synaptic strength and contribute to the maintenance of neural circuits.
Pathways
These ionotropic glutamate receptors function prominently within the glutamatergic signaling pathway and the calcium signaling pathway. The NMDARs are known to influence calcium influx pivotal for downstream activation of signaling cascades such as CaMKII and MAPK. Related proteins like PSD-95 form complexes with NMDARs mediating cellular responses important for signal transduction. These pathways highlight glutamate receptors' roles in pre- and post-synaptic cellular responses affecting numerous downstream effects that influence neural plasticity and survival.
Disruptions in the function of these glutamate receptors are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. For instance NMDAR malfunction links to Alzheimer's disease due to its involvement in synaptic failure and resultant cognitive deficits. Dysfunctional glutamatergic signaling also connects to schizophrenia where altered NMDAR activity affects neurotransmission and can contribute to symptoms. Proteins like GluA1 also interact in these contexts impacting synaptic plasticity further and potentially exacerbating disease progression through maladaptive synaptic changes.
