Description
Key facts
CAS number:5796-17-8,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:197.19 Da,
Molecular formula:C9H11NO4,
PubChem:92222,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in water to 5 mMSoluble in 1 eq. HCl to 100 mM,
Biochemical name:D-Dopa,
Biological description:Dopamine (ab120565) precursor. Blood-brain barrier permeable. Increases dopamine levels in Parkinson's disease models to display anti-Parkinson's disease properties.,
Canonical smiles:C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)O)O,
Isomeric smiles:C1=CC(=C(C=C1C[C@H](C(=O)O)N)O)O,
InChi:InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)/t6-/m1/s1,
InChiKey:WTDRDQBEARUVNC-ZCFIWIBFSA-N,
IUPAC Name:(2R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
DNA polymerase beta also known as POLB is a DNA repair enzyme with a mass of approximately 39 kDa. It is expressed in various tissues with significant levels in the brain and testes. DNA polymerase beta catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the DNA strand during base excision repair. This process is essential for fixing small-scale damages such as single-nucleotide gaps or uracil bases resulting from spontaneous deamination. Other DNA polymerases of interest include DNA polymerase iota and eta which have specialized roles in replicative and repair functions.
Biological function summary
DNA polymerase beta must maintain genome integrity and stability. It does not operate in isolation but as part of a protein complex involved in recognizing and repairing erroneous DNA base pairing. DNA polymerase iota is also a member of the DNA polymerase family operating differently by introducing errors selectively which is sometimes beneficial in bypassing DNA lesions. The carbonic anhydrase family including CA2 CA1 and other forms plays a role in catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide essential for maintaining acid-base balance. Each member of this family such as CA4 and CA12 has distinct tissue distributions and specific roles.
Pathways
DNA polymerase beta contributes significantly to the base excision repair (BER) pathway a critical pathway for repairing minor DNA damage. The BER pathway involves several proteins including PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) which detects DNA strand breakage and recruits other repair enzymes including POLB. The pathway regulates DNA stability within both normal physiological processes and in response to chemical damage. In contrast the carbonic anhydrases are involved in bicarbonate transport pathways important for processes like respiration and renal acid-base regulation.
Defects in DNA polymerase beta activity can lead to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer as DNA repair mechanisms fail allowing mutations to accumulate. Similarly Bloom syndrome protein Blm which interacts with DNA repair pathways if mutated leads to Bloom syndrome characterized by genomic instability and increased cancer risk. Additionally mutations in carbonic anhydrases like CA12 and CA5B are linked to disorders affecting the kidneys and skeletal system due to their roles in maintaining pH balance. RUNX1 vital for hematopoiesis when altered relates to certain types of leukemia indicating the significant impact of these proteins on human health.
