Description
Key facts
CAS number:264218-23-7,
Purity:>99%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Molecular weight:359.72 Da,
Molecular formula:C16H10ClN3O5,
PubChem:4210951,
Nature:Synthetic,
Solubility:Soluble in DMSO to 100 mMSoluble in ethanol to 100 mM,
Biochemical name:3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,
Biological description:Potent, selective GSK3 inhibitor (Ki = 31 nM for GSK-3α); competes with ATP. Neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Also able to stimulate glycogen synthesis and gene transcription. Cell-permeable.,
Canonical smiles:C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)NC2=O)NC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-],
InChi:InChI=1S/C16H10ClN3O5/c17-10-7-8(5-6-12(10)21)18-14-13(15(22)19-16(14)23)9-3-1-2-4-11(9)20(24)25/h1-7,21H,(H2,18,19,22,23),
InChiKey:PQCXVIPXISBFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N,
IUPAC Name:3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions--20°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions--20°C, Storage information-It is important to note that this product is reported to be light sensitive, Store in the dark, Store under desiccating conditions
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha (GSK3α) are serine/threonine protein kinases involved in various cellular processes. GSK3β weighs approximately 47 kDa while GSK3α is around 51 kDa. These proteins are expressed in various tissues including brain heart and liver. GSK3 isoforms act as key regulators in signaling pathways by phosphorylating target proteins affecting their function and stability. Alternative names for GSK3 include GSK-3β and GSK-3α respectively.
Biological function summary
The kinases play essential roles in cellular functions like glycogen metabolism cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. GSK3 proteins often function as part of larger enzyme complexes influencing cellular responses to external signals. They bind to numerous substrates impacting processes such as glucose homeostasis and neuron function. Dramatic changes in GSK3 activity can disrupt these biological processes highlighting their importance.
Pathways
These kinases are integral components of the Wnt/β-catenin and insulin signaling pathways. In the Wnt pathway GSK3 is involved in β-catenin phosphorylation affecting its degradation and transcriptional activity. In the insulin pathway GSK3 influences glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and regulating glycogen synthase. Both pathways highlight how GSK3 interacts with other proteins such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axin to coordinate cellular activities.
GSK3 has links to conditions like Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Dysregulation of GSK3 activity is observed in Alzheimer's disease where abnormal GSK3 signaling contributes to tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation. In diabetes altered GSK3 function affects insulin signaling pathways influencing glucose metabolism. GSK3's involvement in these diseases often connects it to proteins like tau in Alzheimer's and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in diabetes.
