Description
Key facts
CAS number:69-53-4,
Purity:>98%,
Form:SolidSee storage information,
Source:Zea sp.,
Molecular weight:349.4 Da,
Molecular formula:C16H19N3O4S,
PubChem:6249,
Nature:Native,
Solubility:Soluble in DMSO to 100 mMSoluble in water to 10 mM,
Biochemical name:Ampicillin,
Biological description:β-lactam antibiotic (MIC50 = 3.12 μg/ml). Competitively inhibits transpeptidase causing cell wall disruption to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Active in vitro and in vivo.,
Canonical smiles:CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C,
Isomeric smiles:CC1([C@@H](N2[C@H](S1)[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C,
InChi:InChI=1S/C16H19N3O4S/c1-16(2)11(15(22)23)19-13(21)10(14(19)24-16)18-12(20)9(17)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)/t9-,10-,11+,14-/m1/s1,
InChiKey:AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N,
IUPAC Name:(2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Ambient - Can Ship with Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-Store under desiccating conditions, The product can be stored for up to 12 months
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
DNA Polymerase iota (Pol ι) DNA Polymerase kappa (POLK) and DNA Polymerase eta (Pol η) are specialized Y-family DNA polymerases. These enzymes play roles in DNA translesion synthesis allowing DNA replication across damaged templates. DNA Polymerase eta for instance may weigh around 80 kDa. These enzymes are expressed in a variety of tissues with higher activity in proliferative cells. Their expression and activity may vary depending on the cell cycle and specific cellular needs for DNA repair.
Biological function summary
These DNA polymerases provide a mechanism for replicative bypass of DNA lesions ensuring continuity of DNA replication. They do not work in isolation but cooperate within the DNA damage tolerance pathways. Pol η part of the error-free damage bypass pathway helps transcribe across UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Pol ι and POLK participate in mutagenic bypass potentially incorporating incorrect bases opposite certain types of lesions affecting genomic stability to different extents depending on the existing lesion.
Pathways
Pol ι POLK and Pol η play essential roles in the DNA damage response and repair pathways alongside proteins like PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and RPA (Replication Protein A). They take part in pathways such as the post-replication repair (PRR) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. Through these pathways they interact with other polymerases and accessory proteins to carry on DNA replication functions despite the presence of DNA damage.
Defects or deficiencies in DNA Polymerase eta are connected to xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) a condition causing extreme sensitivity to UV rays and heightened cancer risk. Mutations in POLK may associate with increased genomic instability contributing to cancers due to error-prone replication past DNA lesions. These polymerases interact with tumor suppressor proteins like p53 and BRCA1 in the context of the cellular response to DNA damage influencing carcinogenesis and cancer progression.
