Description
Key facts
Detection method:Colorimetric,
Sample types:Suspension cells,
Reacts with:Human,
Assay type:Sandwich (qualitative),
Assay Platform:Microplate
Product details:
The ELISPOT assay is designed to enumerate cytokine producing cells in a single cell suspension. This method has the advantage of requiring a minimum of in-vitro manipulations allowing cytokine production analysis as close as possible to in-vivo conditions in a highly specific way. This technique is designed to determine the frequency of cytokine producing cells under a given stimulation, and the follow-up of such frequency during a treatment and/or a pathological state. Elispot assay constitutes an ideal tool in the TH1 / TH2 response, vaccine development, viral infection monitoring and treatment, oncology, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
This Elispot assay is based on sandwich immuno-enzyme technology. Cell secreted cytokines or soluble molecules are captured by coated antibodies avoiding diffusion in supernatant, protease degradation or binding on soluble membrane receptors. After cell removal, the captured cytokines are revealed by tracer antibodies and appropriate conjugates.
The dual colour Elispot allows you to monitor the production of two cytokines simultaneously in the same well.
Properties and Storage Information:
Shipped at conditions-Blue Ice, Appropriate short-term storage conditions-+4°C, Appropriate long-term storage conditions-+4°C, Storage information-+4°C
Supplementary Information:
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) are key cytokines in the immune system. IFN-γ sometimes called Type II interferon is a dimerized soluble cytokine with a molecular mass of approximately 18 kDa. It is expressed by activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. IL-2 also known as T cell growth factor is a monomeric glycoprotein with a mass of about 15.5 kDa. It is produced by activated CD4+ T cells and acts locally. Both these cytokines play essential roles in modulating immune responses by acting on their specific receptors.
Biological function summary
IFN-γ and IL-2 are involved in the regulation of immune response and cellular communication. IFN-γ activates macrophages enhances antigen presentation and promotes the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. It also plays a role in the activation of NK cells. On the other hand IL-2 is critical for the proliferation and survival of T cells particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helps in the activation and growth of NK cells. These two cytokines sometimes work in concert to strengthen the immune response.
Pathways
IFN-γ and IL-2 participate in the JAK-STAT signaling and MAPK pathways. The JAK-STAT pathway involves other cytokine signaling proteins that mediate immune responses including IL-6 and IL-12. MAPK pathway is essential for the transmission of synaptic information and cytokine release in immune cells. These pathways enable IFN-γ and IL-2 to exert their effects on immune cell differentiation and activation coordinating a comprehensive immune response.
IFN-γ and IL-2 are linked to autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancers. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes have involvement of IFN-γ due to its potent inflammatory effects which can lead to tissue damage when uncontrolled. IL-2 is associated with autoimmune diseases due to its role in T cell activation and maintenance. Both cytokines interact with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in inflammation and tumor biology affecting disease progression and treatment strategies.
