Biolegend, 430226, FluoroSpot MAX™ Deluxe Set Human TNF-α

Human TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor α), also known as Cachectin, Cytotoxic Factor (CF), is a cytokine which has important roles in regulating a wide range of biological functions from immune activation, cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. TNF-α is expressed and secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, T-cells, NK cells, and various other cell types. TNF-α can bind to two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Signaling through TNFR1 is mostly pro-inflammatory, while TNFR2 signaling is mainly anti-inflammatory and proliferative. Because of its diverse functions, dysregulation or TNF-α expression and activity has been implicated in many diseases from autoimmune, cancer, to neurodegeneration. BioLegend’s FluoroSpot MAX™ Deluxe Set contains pre-optimized essential reagents, buffers, and solutions for the detection of human TNF- α secreting cells. In this assay, anti-human TNF- α capture antibodies are coated on a clear-bottom microplate. Cells (stimulated or unstimulated) are added to the wells and incubated, allowing secreted TNF- α to bind to nearby capture antibodies. After incubation, cells are removed, and biotinylated detection antibodies are added followed by Streptavidin-PE. The resulting red spots represent the “footprint” of an individual TNF- α-secreting cell, allowing for precise quantification of cytokine-producing cells in the sample.