Biolegend, 479904, ELISA MAX™ Deluxe Set Human CCL3

MIP-1α, also known as CCL3, is a member of the CC subfamily of chemokines, a group of chemoattractant cytokines that play a crucial role in recruiting leukocytes to sites of tissue injury or inflammation. This multifunctional peptide is secreted by a variety of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Notably, MIP-1α/CCL3 can bind to multiple chemokine receptors, particularly CCR1 and CCR5, through which it recruits macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It is commonly found in areas of inflammation and bone resorption, where it attracts activated CD8+ T cells and promotes osteoclastogenesis. The synthesis of MIP-1α/CCL3 remains at low levels under normal physiological conditions but can be rapidly upregulated upon stimulation by endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viral proteins, or pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. This chemokine plays a key pathological role in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, sarcoidosis, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and periodontitis.