Biolegend, 741126, LEGENDplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Neut. Ab Assay (1-plex) w/ FP

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single stranded RNA virus that belongs in a family of viruses known as coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as COVID-19, was declared a pandemic in 2020 and among other symptoms leads to respiratory infection, pulmonary failure which can be fatal. SARS-CoV-2 is structurally composed of 4 main proteins (e.g. spike glycoprotein, envelope glycoprotein, membrane glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein) and several accessory proteins. The coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein is a class I viral fusion protein on the outer envelope of the virion that plays a critical role in viral infection by recognizing host cell receptors and mediating fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The S glycoprotein is synthesized as a precursor protein consisting of ~1,300 amino acids (aa) that is then cleaved into an amino (N)-terminal S1 subunit (~700 aa) and a carboxyl (C)-terminal S2 subunit (~600 aa). The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that can specifically bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor on target cells which triggers an infusion process then the coronavirus entry into host cells happens. The neutralization antibody in circulating system can bind to RBD region and block the binding of RBD and ACE2 which reduces viral entry. This assay is for research use only.