Merck, C2037-5G, Cytochrome c from bovine heart

General description
Cytochrome C is a heme protein. It is localized between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
Application
Cytochrome c from bovine heart has been used:

• for cytochrome oxidase staining using the mice brain tissue
• as a component of control mixture to evaluate the accuracy of tandem mass spectra in identifying peptides
• to study its effect on the stability, transport, and retention of biochar colloids (BCs) in saturated porous media under various solution pH and ionic strength (IS) conditions
• as a component of staining solution for the detection of cytochrome oxidase activity in the brain tissue sections of mouse
• as a component in the assay to study its superoxide scavenging efficiency
• as a component of serum-free DMEM media to evaluate non-specific cytochrome C reduction in astrocytes and HT-29 cells

Biochem/physiol Actions
Cytochrome C is a key mediator of oxidative phosphorylation. It mediates the electron transport between complex III and complex IV of the respiratory chain.

Cytochrome c has been identified as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways. The release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm stimulates apoptosis and is commonly used as an indicator of the apoptotic process in the cell. Investigation on the effect of Paris Saponin I (PS I) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth (SGC7901 cells) have shown an elevated level cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Results are an inhibition of proliferation in SGC7901 cells by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through cytochrome.
The ready fluctuation of cytochrome c within the cell between ferrous and ferric states, makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.
The ready interconversion of cytochrome c between ferrous and ferric states makes it an efficient biological electron carrier. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal link in the respiratory chain, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.
Preparation Note
Prepared using TCA.
Other Notes
View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.