Description
General description
Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (UniProt: Q10589; also known as BST-2, Tetherin, HM1.24 antigen, CD317) is encoded by the BST2 gene (Gene ID: 684) in human. BST-2 is a single-pass type II disulfide-linked homodimeric membrane protein that is synthesized with a propeptide (aa 162-180), which is subsequently cleaved off to produce the mature protein that has a cytoplasmic domain (aa 1-20), a transmembrane domain (aa 21-48), and an extracellular domain (aa 49-161). It is predominantly expressed in liver, lung, heart, placenta, and in T-cells, monocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Over-expression of BST-2 is observed in multiple myeloma cells. Its expression of BST-2 is regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli, including interferons. It is reported to shuttle between the cell membrane, where it is present predominantly in membrane/lipid rafts, and the trans-Golgi network. BST-2 serves as an IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor that efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. It acts as a direct physical tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be either internalized by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their spread as cell-free virions is restricted. Within its extracellular region, it has a coiled coil domain (aa 68-152) that forms an extended 17 nm long semi-flexible rod-like structure, which is essential for virion retention at the cell surface and prevent virus spreading. BST-2 is reported to mediate various facets of cancer progression and metastasis and has been linked to poor survival in invasive breast cancer patients. Its expression positively correlates with disease severity. (Ref.: Mlimi, H., et al. (2022). Retrovirology. 19; Article 3; Mahauad-Fernandez, WD., et al. (2018). Sci. Rep. 8; Article 17608; Ohtomo, T., et al. (1999). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 258(3); 583-591).
Immunogen
786-O and Caki-1 cells, alternative immunizations
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Flow Cytometry in 786-O cells.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 1 µg of this antibody detected BST-2 in one million 786-O cells.
Tested Applications
Western Blotting Analysis: 1 µg/mL from a representative lot detected recombinant Human BST-2. (Data courtesy of an independent research laboratory).
Immunoprecipitation Analysis: 1 µg/mL from a representative lot immunoprecipitated BST-2 in 786-O cell lysates. (Data courtesy of an independent research laboratory).
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: 8 µg/mL from a representative lot detected BST-2 in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. (Data courtesy of an independent research laboratory).
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 1 µg/mL from a representative lot detected BST-2 in 786-O cells (Data courtesy of an independent research laboratory).
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone Mab-c48 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that detects Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2). It targets an epitope within the extracellular domain.
Physical form
Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
Preparation Note
1.0 mg/mL. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Recommended storage: +2°C to +8°C.
Other Notes
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
